199 



in India as astringents for dysentery, discharges from the urinary 

 organs, relaxed gums, and other cases where astringents are , 

 required. 



Flacourtia Rukam {Bixinece) The Rukam a well-known little 

 fruit. Holmes in his paper on Malay Materia Mcdica gives " Buah 

 Rokam [Sphoerocarya moschifera) {Juglandacese^j' The juice ex- 

 tracted from the bruised fruit is given as an astringent in diarrhoea 

 and dysentery. The Sphoerocarya (Pyru/aria moschifera) does 

 not occur here, but the young fruit of the Rukam {Flacourtia) is 

 certainly very astringent, and is perhaps used as stated by Mr. 

 Holmes. 



Anona reticulata {Anonaceoe). "Nona" The powdered bark is 

 given in doses of 5 to 10 grains as an astringent in diarrhoea and 

 dysentery" (Holmes.) 



Musa paradisiaca, L. (Musacese) "Pisang Batu. The juice 

 extracted from the root after it has been pounded with a little 

 saffron {i.e. turmeric) with the addition of a little opium is given 

 in teaspoonful doses as an astringent for acute dysentery " (Holmes). 



Casuarina muricata, Roxb. (Casaarineoe) a decoction of the bark 

 is used as an astringent tonic in diarrhoea and dysentery like that 

 of C. equisetijolia in China ( Holmes). 



C. equisetifolia is the only species of Casuarina here and is no 

 doubt the plant intended. It is given as a synonym in the Index 

 Kewensis. 



Triumftta anarulata, Lam. tTilicese) " Pulut pulut." The leaves 

 are boiled in a decoction of rice and the mixture is given as an 

 astringent after dysentery and on debility (Holmes). 



" Pulut pulut" is the name of Urena lobata. 



Plantago Ispaghula, Roxb. [Plantaginese). The seeds are used 

 as in India for diarrhoea (Holmes). The plant does not occur here, 

 but the seeds are imported from India. I have failed to raise it 

 from seed here. 



Ancistrocladus extensus, Var. penangianus. " Akar Julong hitam." 

 A woody climber not rare in sandy places near the sea. The roots 

 are used for dysentery. 



Pomegranate, Punic a granatum, L. (Lythracece). The bark of 

 the roots is used for diarrhoea, but its most important use is for 

 tapeworm, for which it is a well known drug. 



Morinda citri folia, L. and M. tinctoria, Roxb. (Rubiacepj). 

 " Mengkudu." A decoction of the bark of these trees is used as 

 an astringent. It is rather coarse and strong. The roots were 

 formerly used as a dye. It is also used in ague, which see. 



Hedyotis capitellata, Wall. (Rubiacex). "Akar Sutnibut," "Akar 

 Kemeniyan Hantu." A common climbing herb. A decoction of 

 the roots is used for dysentery. 



H . glabra, Br. " Rumput Sibueh." A common herb, the whole 

 plant is used. 



