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opium when they smoke it, all on account of its bitter taste sug- 

 gesting opium. 



Rubus rnoliiccanus L. (Rosacea?) Akar Kupor; Tempo ranak. 

 The common wild raspberry. A decoction of the roots of this plant 

 is used for dysentery like that of R. Canadensis in America. 



Decaspermum panic ulatum Kurz. (Myr faces?) " Kelintek Nya- 

 mok ," a small tree of which the leaves are chewed with betle nuts 

 for dysentery. 



Uraria crinita Desv. (Leguminosce) " Poko Ekor Kuching," The 

 Malay Lupine. A small shrubby plant with blue flowers in a thick 

 spike, the roots are used for diarrhoea. 



Capsicum fastigiatum, Bl. Chilis are given in cholera, dyspepsia 

 and diarrhoea. 



Piper nigrum, L. (Piperaceoe) Black Pepper, during a scare of 

 cholera there was a great demand for oil of pepper among the 

 Natives who considered it a specific. 



Anisophylleia disticha {Legnotidae) " Lambei Ayam." An infusion 

 of this plant is used as an astringent in diarrhoea and dysentery 

 (Holmes). 



Pithecolobium confertum, Benth. (Leguminosae). A common tree. 

 An infusion of this leaves is used as an astringent in diarrhoea 

 (Holmes). 



Citrus acida {Rutacece) " Limau Nipis." The small common 

 lime. A decoction of the ground up-roots used for dysentery. 



Stomachics. 



Hydrocotyle asiatica, L. {Umbelli ferae) " Pegaga." A very common 

 creeping herb with round leaves, abundant in waste ground and 

 grassy spots. This herb is much valued by Natives, and women 

 may often be seen collecting it for sale. Considerable quantities 

 being brought into Singapore. It is used in curry as well as in 

 medicine. The leaves pounded on a stone and put in a cup of water 

 and allowed to stand for some hours is a decoction of some repute 

 in cases of consumption; it is also used in liver complaint. 



A decoction of the leaves is also used in leprosy and syphilis 

 as in India and Mauritius in doses of half to one ounce, and the 

 leaves are used as a poultice. The dried leaves in powder are given 

 in doses of from 5 to 10 grains in catarrh and cough of children 

 (as is H . ro undi folia). The peculiar body called Vellarin to which 

 the properties appear to be due is an oily nonvolatile liquid soluble 

 in spirits of wine and in ammonia. An alcoholic extract of the 

 plant contains much tannin which accounts for the use of the plant 

 in India for the bowel complaints of children. As Vellarin has not 

 been found in the dry leaves, it is evident that a tincture made 

 from the fresh plant would be the most effective preparation. 

 That the plant possesses active properties in the fresh state and 

 is useful in skin diseases there can be little doubt." — (Holmes). 



