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Abrus precatorius, L. (Leguminose) "Akar Saga Betina", Crabs 

 eyes or false liquorice. A climbing vetch with pale violet flowers 

 and round scarlet and black seeds. This has long been known as 

 a cough medicine, but has passed out of the British Pharmacopoeia. 

 The natives boil the roots and leaves and chew them with 

 betelnut. 



Phyllanthus niruri, L. and Ph. urinaria, L. (Euphorbiacese) 

 Dukong Anak. Small common weeds found on paths and waste 

 ground everywhere. Are used for colds and coughs in children, 

 but also largely for kidney troubles, suppression of urine gravel, 

 gonorrhea and other urinary ailments, being strong diuretics. 



For dry cough in children the base of the stem and roots of 

 P. niruri with flowers of sweet Basil (Ocimum Basilicum) "Ruku 

 Ruku", two slices of ginger rhizome and some sugar candy are 

 boiled together and the decoction is given as a drink. 



For urinary troubles Ph. urinaria is boiled and mixed with 

 pounded Organ-pipe coral, (Tubipora) Bunga Karang, and Sumbu 

 China (the slender pith of some plant perhaps a J uncus imported 

 from China) and some sugar candy. It is all cooked together and 

 the decoction drunk daily. 



Orophea sp. [Anonaceos) "Supucha Pelandok". Roots chewed 

 with betelnut for coughs. 



Dischidia Rafflesiana, Wall. (Asclepiadea?) "Akar Kul", "Akar 

 Bani", the creeping stem of this plant is used in the same w r ay. 



Mussaenda glabra, Vahl. (Rubiacese) u Balik Adup", and M- 

 variabilis, Hemsley, "Balik Adap Bukit", is used in the form of 

 a decoction of its roots for cough and its leaves for fever. 



Scoparia dulcis Lin. (Scrophul urineai), " Te Macao" a twiggy 

 herb with small white flowers common now in waste ground, but a 

 native of Brazil and a comparatively recent introduction into the 

 East Indies. It is a well known cough medecine in its native home, 

 and is used here also for a similar purpose. Mixed with the roots 

 of Eryngium foetidum, also a South American plant, carried about 

 by the Chinese, it is used for stomach-aches. 



Didymocarpus platypus C. B. CLARKE (Cyrtandracese) . A small 

 shrubby plant with trumpet shaped white flowers with a yellow 

 centre not rare in forests. A decoction of the roots is used for 

 coughs. 



Cyathula prostrata {Amarantacese), " Jarang-Jarang" A common 

 creeping weed in waste ground. A decoction of the roots is given 

 in infantile cough. 



Pericampylus incanus, Miers (Mentspermaceae). Akar Kelem- 

 penang. A hedge row climber, the leaves of which pounded and 

 made into a decoction with those of Kibessia simplex, Korth. u Sial 

 Munahon " are used for coughs and asthma. 



Plantago major L. {Plantagineae), " Ekor Angin The roots and 

 eaves of this plant have a reputation for coughs and consumption 

 as the English plant had formerly. 



