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Gmelina villosa, Roxb. {Verbenaceae) Bulangan. A small tree with 

 yellow flowers and acid yellow fruits which preserved in Syrup are 

 given in cases of consumption. According to Holmes the bark and 

 roots are given as a demulcent and alterative. 



Euphorbia pihd if era, L. (Enphorbiacex) "Gelang Susu". A very 

 common little weed about a foot tall, for which at one time there 

 was a considerable demand in Europe, but curiously its virtues do 

 not seem to have been recognized by natives. It had a reputation 

 for bronchitis, asthma and such lung diseases, and being slightly 

 narcotic assists in procuring sleep for the patient. The late THOMAS 

 CHRISTY wrote, in 1889. "This drug has been sold at 3s. 6a 7 . per 

 lb. we introduced it originally from Australia, we have been draw- 

 ing it largely from India. I want plants when they are about 4 inches 

 high with fully grown leaves, just coming into bud full of sap. It 

 wants pulling from the earth knocking off the roots and drying in the 

 shade, when quite dry it wants to be packed in bales and if it is 

 quite safe on account of being dry and the weather is fairly dry it 

 may be hydranlically pressed to save freight. " 



The natives here do not seem to recognize its value in Bronchitis, 

 but they use the latex to drop into the eye for sore eyes. 



E. thymifolia. A small prostrate herb very common in paths is 

 used for coughs 



Microglossa volubilis (Composite) " Ragin". V A climber not very 

 common. A decoction of the leaves is used for colds. 



Datura fastuosa L. [Solanacese). The leaves roughly powdered 

 with or without the leaves are rolled into cigarettes and smoked for 

 asthma. It is suggested in the Indian Pharmacopoeia to substitute 

 it for D. stramonium. 



Gracilaria lichenoides (A /gee) " Agar Agar". Seaweed is used not 

 only as a well known delicacy, in the form of a jelly, but medicinally 

 in coughs and consumption by the Malays. HOLMES points out that 

 there are two Agar-Agars in eastern trade, Agar-Agar karang 

 Gracilaria lichenoides which when alive is purplish filiform; and 

 forked, and the Agar- Agar of Borneo Encheuma spinosum a purplish 

 red thicker coarser sea-weed covered with short spines. 



H ydrocotyle rotundifolia {U mb el lifer oe) " Pegaga Umbon." The 

 small round leaved species less common than H . Asiatica is used for 

 cough in children under the name of " Ubat kanak-kanak batu." It 

 is mixed with sugar candy and Cassia bark (kayu-manis china) and 

 put in a pot which is plunged in rice while it is being cooked. 

 Some is given every morning to the child. 



Amaranthus spinosus L. (Amarantacece). The spiny amaranth, 

 " Bayam dun" often eaten as a vegetable, a common green weed, 

 is used as an expectorant and to relieve breathing in acute bronchi- 

 tis. It is ground up with Usnea barbata (Lichen) Tahi Angin, kayu 

 manis china, (cassia bark) and memplas hari (Alyxia stellata bark) 

 and cooked in the same way as the H ydrocotyle is. The medicine is 

 known as Ubat kanak-kanak pukul lendir. 



