230 



11EPORT ON THE 



Fig. 2 represents the branches of one of his trees, trained en 

 Espalier carre, so named from the branches terminating in 

 points, lines drawn through which would form an oblong square. 

 The marks indicate the places where the leading shoots were 

 shortened, and the figures indicate the years from the plantation 

 of the tree, in which the cuts on the respective branches were 

 made. 



Suppose the tree planted and headed back to two eligible buds 

 for producing the two main branches {branches meres) A A, 

 then at the end of the 



First year, the branch A is cut at 1, at the winter pruning; 

 and the branch B is originated. 



Second year — The branches A and B are cut at 2 ; and the 

 branch C is originated. 



Third year — The branches A and B are cut at the marks be- 

 yond 2 ; the branch C is cut for the first time at 3 ; and the 

 branch D is originated. The tree has now all its lower branches 

 established. 



Fourth year — The branches A B C D have their leaders 

 shortened, as indicated ; but no more branches are encouraged 

 for this season. 



Fifth year — The leaders are shortened, as usual ; and the 

 three branches, E E E, on the upper side of the branch A, are 

 allowed to push. 



Sixth year — All the branches, with the exception of F, which 

 is not yet in existence, are shortened, as indicated by the marks 6. 



Seventh year — Shortened, but no more branches originated. 



Eighth year — Same process as in the preceding year ; and a fruit- 

 bearing shoot is selected for the commencement of the branch F. 



Ninth year — All the branches for constituting the frame- work 

 of the tree have now been originated ; and, this being the case, 

 no shoots are afterwards allowed to assume the character of 

 branches. At each winter-pruning shoots of the preceding 

 summer's growth only are left. In the following summer these 

 bear fruit ; whilst the lowest shoots which push at their bases are 

 trained for succession. 



Fig. 3. 



