POPULATION. 



81 



cess in fictile madrepore formations. Off Clian- 

 gani Point, where in 1823 stood a hut-clump and 

 a mosque, four fathoms of water now roll. The 

 British Consulate, formerly many yards distant 

 from the surf, must be protected by piles and rub- 

 ble. Some of the larger houses have sunk four, 

 and have sloped nine feet from terrace to ground, 

 owing to the instability of their soppy founda- 

 tions. The £ Tree-island ' of our earliest charts 

 has been undermined and carried away bodily by 

 the waves ; whilst to the north the sea has en- 

 croached upon Mto-ni, where the Sayyid's flag- 

 staff has four times required removal. On the 

 other hand, about 15 years ago, the 'Middle 

 Shoal ' of the harbour was awash ; now it is high 

 and dry. 



In 1835 Dr Ruschenberger estimated the 

 census of Zanzibar at 12,000 souls, of whom two- 

 thirds were slaves. In 1844 Dr Krapf proposed 

 100,000 as the population of the island, the 

 greater number living in the capital. Captain 

 Guillain, in 1846, gave 20,000 to 25,000, slaves 

 included. I assumed the number, in 1857, as 

 25,000, which during the N.E. monsoon, when a 

 large floating population flocks in, may rise to 

 40,000, and even to 45,000. The Consular re- 

 port of 1849 asserts it to be ' about 60,000/ 



VOL. L 6 



