122 



COAL. 



lime and orange, ground-nuts and coffee. The 

 hills and torrent-beds yield gold and copper, 

 antimony, and abundance of iron. On both 

 sides of the continent there are rich deposits 

 of the semi-mineral copal. Coal was found by 

 the Portuguese at Tete and in the Zambeze Val- 

 ley, as related in Dr Livingstone's First Expedi- 

 tion (Missionary Travels, &c, xxxi. 633-4). 

 His second prolonged the coal-field to beyond 

 the Valley of the Rufuma (Eovuma) river (xxi. 

 440), and it will probably be found to extend 

 still further. 



Dr Krapf declares (Travels, &c, p. 465) that 

 he discovered coal, 'the use of which is still 

 unknown to the Abessinians,' on the banks of 

 the Kuang, a river said to rise in the Dembea 

 Province, near Lake Tsana (Coloe Palus). 

 Pinally, to judge from the analogy of the South 

 American continent, the valuable mineral will 

 yet be struck near the western coast, south of 

 the equator. 



Prom time immemorial, on both sides of 

 Africa, the continental Islands, like Aradus and 

 Sidon, Tyre and Alexandria, have been favourite 

 places with stranger settlers. They have proved 

 equally useful as forts, impregnable to the wild 

 aborigines, and as depots for exports and imports. 



