1 jackass-copal: 



357 



adhesive, clogging the hoe as it descends : the 

 half-decayed blood-red fibre with which it is 

 mixed throughout was recognized by the negroes 

 as cocoa-roots. Bits of scarlet-coloured earth 

 also variegated the faint blue marl, and at a 

 depth of 2^ feet water began to exude from the 

 greasy walls of the pit. These places supply 

 only the raw or unripe copal, locally called 

 Chakazi, 1 and by us corrupted to Jackass : the 

 true vegetable fossil must be brought from the 

 coast. The tree was probably once common on 

 the Island, but it has been cut down for masts 

 and similar uses. Copal does not appear under 

 that name in the list of exports from Zanzibar 

 given by Captain Sniee- in 1811 : possibly that 

 officer alludes to it when speaking of 6 Dammer.' 

 In early days ' gum-anime ' was held a precious 

 medicine for rheums and heaviness of the head. 

 It was imported via the Levant ' from the place 

 where incense is found, and that lande or soyle is 

 called Animitim, and therefore the thing is called, 

 Anime,' says Dr Monardes, treating of the objects 

 that are brought from the West Indies. He adds 

 that American Anime was whiter, brighter, and 

 said to be a £ spice of Charabe or Succino, which is 



1 Tchakazi, espece de gomme-resine, dont j'ignore l'origine 

 (M. Guillain, Part II. p. 87). 



