PEKD1CLVE. 
20.  Fr.  pileatus  A.  Smith,  111.  Zool.  S.  Afr.  Birds,  pi.  14.  — 
Perdix  sephaena  A.  Smith,  Rep.  S.  Afr.  Exp. 
21.  Fr.  concentricus  Gray,  111.  Ind.  Zool.  pi.  53. 
22.  Fr.  sphenurus  (Gray)  Zool.  Misc.  p.  2. 
23.  Fr.  nudicollis  (Gmel.) —  Type  of  Pternistis  Wagl.  (1832). 
24.  Fr.  rubricollis  (Rupp.)  PI.  enl.  180.,  Riipp.  Zool.  Atlas, 
t.  30. 
25.  Fr.  Swainsoni  A.  Smith,  111.  Zool.  S.  Afr.  Birds,  pi.  12. 
26.  Fr.  Cranchii  (Leach),  Tuck.  Voy.  Congo,  App.  p.  408. — 
Perdix  punctulata  Gray,  111.  Ind.  Zool.  ii.pl.  43.  f.  2. 
27.  Fr.  longirostris  Temm.  Gray,  111.  Ind.  Zool.  ii.  pi.  45.  f.  2. 
—  Tetrao  curvirostris  Raffi. ;  Type  of  Rhizothera  G.  R.  Gray 
(1841). 
Perdix  Briss.* 
Bill  short,  broad  at  the  base,  with  the  sides  compressed,  and  the  apical  half  curved  and  vaulted ;  the 
nostrils  basal,  lateral,  and  covered  by  a  hard  rounded  scale.  Wings  moderate  and  rounded,  with  the 
third,  fourth,  and  fifth  quills  longest,  Tail  short,  and  greatly  concealed  by  the  coverts.  Tarsi 
moderate,  and  covered  in  front  with  divided  scales,  without  spurs  or  tubercles.  Toes  long,  with  the 
inner  toe  shorter  than  the  outer ;  the  hind  toe  short  and  slender ;  the  claws  moderate  and  slightly 
curved. 
The  species  of  this  genus  are  peculiar  to  the  temperate  parts  of  the  Old  World,  remaining  sedentary  in  some  places, 
and  in  others  migrating  regularly  according  to  the  season.  Some  species  frequent  the  cultivated  lands,  while  others 
are  found  in  the  forests,  and  are  occasionally  seen  perched  on  the  branches  of  the  trees.  They  search  the  ground  for 
their  food  during  the  early  portion  of  the  morning,  and  again  before  the  sun  disappears.  It  consists  of  grain,  seeds, 
bulbous  roots,  and  insects.  They  generally  form  for  their  nest  a  slight  hollow  on  the  ground,  beneath  a  tuft  of  grass  or 
brushwood,  and  sometimes  in  cultivated  fields.    The  eggs  are  usually  twelve  to  twenty  in  number. 
1.  P.  cinerea  (Linn.)  Lath.  PI.  enl.  27.  136.  —  Perdix  damas- 
cena  Briss.  ;  Tetrao  montana  Gmel. 
2.  P.  gingica  (Gmel.)  Lath. 
3.  P.  oculea  Temm.  Pig.  &  Gal.  iii.  408. 
4.  P.  madagascariensis  (Scop.)  Sonn.  Voy.  Ind.  t.  97. —  Tetrao 
pintadeanus  Scop.  Sonn.  Voy.  Ind.  t.  98.  ;  T.  striatus  Gmel.  PI. 
col.  82. 
5.  P.  torqueola  (Valenc.)  —  Perdix  olivacea  Gray,  Griff.  An. 
Kingd.  iii,  p.  54.,  111.  Ind.  Zool.  pi.  57- ;  P.  megapodia  Temm.  PI. 
col.  462,  463.  ;  Type  of  Arborophila  Hodgs.  (1837). 
6.  P.javanica  (Gmel.)  PL  col.  148.,  Brown.  111.  Zool.pl.  17- 
7.  P.  person  ata  (Horsf.)  Res.  Zool.  —  Perdix  orientalis  Horsf. 
Linn.  Trans,  xiii.  p.  184. 
8.  P.  f  aruginosns  Eyton,  Proc.  Z.  S.  1839-  106. 
9.  P.  ?  Realtenii  (Mull.  &  Schl.)  Verh.  Nat.  Gesch.  Nederl. 
p.  158. 
10.  P.  scuta  ta  Gray,  Griff.  An.  Kingd.  iii.  p.  54. 
Coturnix  Mvehr.\ 
Bill  short,  more  or  less  elevated  at  the  base  and  arched  to  the  tip,  which  is  obtuse;  the  sides 
compressed ;  the  nostrils  basal,  lateral,  and  covered  by  a  hard  scale.  Wings  moderate,  with  the  second, 
third,  and  fourth  quills  the  longest.  Tail  very  short,  mostly  hidden  by  the  coverts,  and  pendant.  Tarsi 
short,  covered  in  front  with  divided  scales  and  unarmed.  Toes  moderate,  united  at  their  base,  with 
the  inner  toe  shorter  than  the  outer  ;  the  hind  toe  short ;  the  claws  short,  and  slightly  curved. 
*  Brisson  established  this  genus  in  I76O  (Ornithologie,  i.  p.  219-).  It  is  synonymous  with  Starna  of  the  Prince  of  Canino,  and  embraces 
Arborophila  of  Mr.  Hodgson  (1837),  which  name  he  changed  to  Arborocola  in  1844. 
t  It  was  in  1752,  that  Moehring  established  this  genus  (Avium  Genera,  p.  54.).  Ortygion  (1840)  of  Count  Keyserling  and  Blasius  js 
synonymous.     It  includes  Perdicula  (1837)  of  Mr.  Hodgson,  and  Synoirus  (1843)  of  Mr.  Gould. 
