Order  V.  GALLING. 
Family  III.  Puasianida:. 
The  third  Subfamily, 
GALLINiE,  or  Jungle  Fowls, 
have  the  Bill  moderate,  with  the  apical  half  vaulted  and  arched  to  the  tip,  which  is  obtuse ;  the  Nostrils 
placed  in  a  large  membranous  groove,  with  the  opening  large,  nearly  semicircular,  and  protected  by  a 
scale  ;  the  Wings  moderate,  concave,  much  rounded,  with  the  secondaries  the  length  of  the  quills,  ample, 
and  broad ;  the  Tail  compressed,  and  generally  arched  ;  the  Tarsi  longer  than,  or  as  long  as,  the  middle 
toe,  robust,  and  armed  with  a  spur  ;  the  Toes  long,  and  the  front  ones  united  at  their  base  by  a  membrane- 
Gallophasis  Hodgs.* 
Bill  moderate,  strong,  elevated  at  the  base,  with  the  culmen  sloping,  and  the  apical  half  vaulted  and 
arched  to  the  tip,  which  is  obtuse  ;  the  sides  compressed,  and  the  lateral  margins  arched ;  the  nostrils 
placed  in  a  large  membranous  groove,  with  the  opening  large  and  covered  by  a  scale.  Wings  moderate, 
concave,  and  much  rounded  ;  with  the  fourth,  fifth,  sixth,  and  seventh  quills  nearly  equal,  and  longest ; 
the  secondaries  ample  and  broad.  Tail  and  coverts  ample ;  the  sides  compressed,  and  arched  towards 
the  end,  or  straight  and  even.  Tarsi  lengthened,  much  longer  than  the  middle  toe,  strong,  and  covered 
before  and  behind  with  broad  divided  scales  ;  the  inner  side,  near  the  hind  toe,  furnished  with  a  strong 
lengthened  spur.  Toes  moderate,  the  middle  one  long,  and  the  lateral  ones  unequal ;  all  the  anterior 
ones  united  at  the  base  by  a  membrane ;  the  hind  toe  short,  and  slightly  elevated ;  the  claws  short  and 
curved.  The  sides  of  the  head  covered  by  a  bare  skin,  which  ends  in  round  wattles  at  the  base  of  the 
lower  mandible. 
These  birds  are  found  in  the  immense  primeval  forests  of  the  continent  of  India  and  its  archipelago.  They  are 
usually  seen  in  the  close  brushwoods  that  cover  the  precipitous  and  rugged  gorges  of  the  elevated  mountains ;  but  some 
species  prefer  the  more  level  ground.  It  is  generally  in  coveys  of  four  to  eight  individuals  that  they  are  noticed ; 
when  alarmed,  they  do  not  take  wing,  but  endeavour  to  hide  among  the  covers,  where  they  run  with  great  rapidity. 
The  note  uttered  by  these  birds  is  a  subdued  melancholy  cluck.  Their  food  consists  chiefly  of  seeds,  wild  berries,  roots, 
insects,  &c. 
1.  G.  iynitus  (Shaw),  Macartn.  Emb.  China,  pi.  13.,  Shaw's  Nat. 
Misc.  pi.  321.  — Gallus  Macartneyi  Temm.  ;  Phasianus  rufus  Raffl. 
2.  G.  Vieilloti  G.  R.  Gray.  —  Gallus  ignitus  Vieill.  Gal.  des  Ois. 
t.  207.,  Ency.  Meth.  Ois.  t.  237.  f.  2.  ;  Euplocamus  ignitus  Gray, 
111.  Ind.  Zool.  ii.  pi.  39. 
3.  G.  Kycthemerus  (Linn.)  PI.  enl.  123,  124.  —  Nycthemerus 
argentatus  Swains.  ;  Phasianus  lineatus  Jurd.  §  Selby,  111.  Orn. 
n.  5.  pi.  12. 
4.  G.  lineatus  (Lath.  MS.)  P  roc.  Z.  S.  1831.  24.  —  Phasianus 
Reynaudi  Less.  Belang.  Voy.  Ind.  Orien.  Zool.  t.  8,  9. 
5.  G.  leucomelanos  (Lath.)  —  Phasianus  Hamiltoni  Gray,  in  Griff. 
An.  Kingd.  iii.  p.  26.  27.,  HI.  Ind.  Zool.  pi.  41. ;  Phasianus  albo- 
cristatus  Viyors,  Gould's  Cent,  of  Birds,  pi.  66.  &  67.,  Kirkpatr. 
Nepaul,  pi.  p.  132. 
6.  G.  Horsfieldii  G.  R.  Gray.  —  Phasianus  Lathami  Gray,  in 
Griff.  An.  Kingd.  iii.  26.  ? 
7.  G.  erythrophthalmos  (Raffl.)  Linn.  Trans,  xiii.  321. 
8.  G.  pyronotus  G.  R.  Gray.  —  Euplocamus  erythrophthalmos 
Gray,  111.  Ind.  Zool.  ii.  pi.  38. 
9.  G.  purpureas  (Gray),  III.  Ind.  Zool.  pi.  42.  —  Phasianus  ery- 
throphthalmos J  Raffl. 
10.  G.  muthura  (Gray),  Griff.  An.  Kingd.  iii.  p.  27. 
1 1.  G.  Crawfurdii  (Gray),  Griff.  An.  Kingd.  iii.  p.  27. 
12.  G.fasciatus  (M'Clell.)  Calc.  Journ.  of  Nat.  Hist.  i.  144. 
pi.  3. 
13.  G.  Cuvieri  (Temm.)  PI.  col.  1. —  Monaulus  melanion  Vieill. 
Ency.  Meth.  Ois.  t.  237-  f.  1.;  Type  of  Alectrophasis  G.  R.  Gray 
(1841). 
*  Originally  established  by  M.  Temminck  under  the  name  of  Euplocamus,  for  which,  in  1822,  Dr.  Fleming  substituted  Lophura.  Both 
these  names  having  been  previously  employed,  it  becomes  necessary  to  adopt  Mr.  Hodgson's  name  of  Gallophasis  (1827).  In  1831,  M. 
Lesson  used  Macartn ey <a  ;  in  1832,  Wagler  Gennaus  ;  in  1834,  Mr.  Swainson  Nycthemerus;  and  in  1836,  M.  Kaup  Spicifer.  Ail  these 
are  coequal  with  the  name  employed.    It  embraces  Alectrophasis,  which  was  proposed  by  me  in  1841. 
