Order  VII.  GRALLiE. 
Family  I.  Ciiaradriadje. 
The  third  Subfamily, 
GLAREOLIN^E,  or  Pratincoles, 
have  a  short  Bill,  which  is  broad  at  the  base,  and  laterally  compressed  to  the  tip  ;  the  Wings  very  long, 
with  the  first  quill  the  longest ;  the  Legs  moderate,  with  the  tip  of  the  tibia  naked ;  the  Toes  three  in 
front,  and  one  posteriorly,  which  is  elevated. 
Glareola  Briss.* 
Bill  short,  broad  at  the  base,  much  compressed  to  the  tip,  with  the  culmen  depressed  at  the  base, 
elevated  and  arched  to  the  tip,  the  lateral  margins  curved ;  the  nostrils  basal,  lateral,  and  oblique. 
Wings  lengthened,  pointed,  extending  beyond  the  end  of  the  tail,  with  the  first  quill  longest.  Tail 
moderate,  and  more  or  less  forked.  Legs  moderate  and  slender,  with  the  tarsi  scutellated,  and  the 
middle  toe  and  claw  lengthened ;  the  outer  toe  longer  than  the  inner,  and  united  at  the  base  to  the 
middle  one ;  the  hind  toe  very  short,  elevated,  but  touching  the  ground  ;  and  the  claws  rather  long, 
nearly  straight,  that  of  the  middle  toe  slightly  pectinated  on  one  side. 
These  few  species  inhabit  the  temperate  and  warmer  parts  of  the  Old  World.  They  frequent  the  borders  of  rivers, 
lakes,  and  marshes,  both  in  the  plains  and  on  the  mountains.  Their  food  consists  chiefly  of  worms,  flies,  orthopterous 
and  aquatic  insects,  which  they  take  on  the  wing  like  the  swallows,  and  on  the  ground,  where  they  can  run  very 
quickly.  They  form  a  slight  nest  on  the  surface  of  the  ground,  among  the  rushes  and  thick  herbage  in  the  marshes, 
wherein  they  deposit  several  eggs. 
1 .  G.  pratincola  (Linn.)  Pall.  PI.  enl.  882.  —  Glareola  austriaca 
Gmel.  Leach,  Linn.  Tr.  xiii.  pi.  12. ;  Glareola  nsevia  Gmel;  Glareola 
senegalensis  Gmel. ;  Glareola  torquata  Meyer. 
2.  G.Nordmanni  Fisch.  —  Glareola  pratincola  Pall. 
3.  G.  limbata  Riipp. 
4.  G.orientalis  Leach,  Linn.Tr.xiii.pl.  13. 
5.  G.  Isabella  Vieill.  Gal.  des  Ois.  t.  263.  —  Glareola  grallaria 
Ternm. ;  Glareola  australis  Leach,  Linn.  Tr.  xiii.pl.  14. 
6.  G.  lactea  Temm.  Man.  ii.  503.,  PI.  col.  399- 
7.  G.  cinerea  Fras.    Proc.  Z.  S.  1843.  26. 
*  Brisson  established  this  genus  in  (Ornithologie)  1760 ;  and  in  1777  Scopoli  proposed  Trachelia. 
May,  1844. 
