CHARADRINiE. 
1.  V.  cristatus  Meyer,  PI.  enl.  242.  —  Tringa  vanellus  Linn.  I      4.  V.  ptiloscelis  G.  R.  Gray. 
Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  291.;  T.  bononiensis  Gmel. ;  Vanellus  gavia  5.  V.  leucurus  Licht.  Eversm.  Keise  nach  Buchara,  p.  137., 
Licht. ;  V.  segyptius  Hempr.  Descr.  de  l'Egypte,  Ois.  t.  6.  f.  2.  —  Vanellus  flavipes  Sav. ;  V. 
2.  V.  cayennensis  (Gmel.)  PI.  enl.  836.  —  Charadrius  lampro-  Villotsi  Audouin. 
notus  Wagl.  5.  ?  V.  yrallarius  Less.  Tr.  d'Orn.  p.  542. 
3.  V.  respkndens  Tschudi,  Wiegm.  Archiv.  1843.  p.  388. 
Chettusia  Pr.  Bonap* 
Bill  moderate,  and  more  or  less  strong,  with  the  culmen  depressed  at  the  base  and  vaulted  at  the 
tip,  the  sides  compressed  and  grooved ;  the  nostrils  lateral,  basal,  and  placed  in  the  groove  of  the  upper 
mandible,  which  extends  for  two  thirds  its  length,  with  the  opening  linear.  Wings  long  and  pointed  ; 
with  the  first,  second,  and  third  quills  nearly  equal  and  longest.  Tail  moderate,  broad,  and  even. 
Tarsi  much  longer  than  the  middle  toe,  slender,  and  covered  in  front  with  divided  broad  scales.  Toes 
four ;  the  three  anterior  toes  long  and  rather  slender ;  the  outer  toe  longer  than  the  inner,  and  united  at 
the  base ;  the  hind  toe  short  and  elevated.  The  front  of  the  head  sometimes  lobed,  and  the  wing  some- 
times armed  with  a  spine. 
The  species  are  found  in  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  South  America,  Australia,  and  the  West  India  Islands.  They 
frequent  in  flocks  the  borders  of  lakes  and  humid  jjlaces,  and  even  at  times  the  open  plains.  They  are  continually 
uttering  their  notes,  whether  on  the  wing  or  on  the  ground.  Their  food  consists  of  various  kinds  of  insects  and  small 
crustaceous  animals.  The  nest  is  composed  of  grass  collected  together  into  a  slight  hollow  on  the  ground.  The  eggs 
are  two  or  three  in  number. 
1.  C.  gregaria  (Pall.)  Pr.  Bonap.  Pall.  Reise,  i.  p.  456.,  Zoogr.  6.  C.  albicapilla  (Vieill.)  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.  xxxv.  p.  205., 
ii.  t.  56.  —  Tringa  Keptuschka  Lepech.  ;  T.  fasciata   Gmel.  juv.  I  Gal.  des  Ois.  t.  236. ;  Vanellus  strigilatus  Swains.  B.  of  W.  Afr. 
ii.  pi.  27; 
7-  C.  lateralis  (A.  Smith),  ID.  Zool.  S.  Afr.  Birds,  pi.  23. 
8.  C.  macroptera  (Cuv.)  —  Vanellus  tricolor  Horsf. 
It.  ii.  p.  194.  t.  26.,  Fauna  pontica,  t.  3.  ;  Charadrius  Wagleri 
Gray,  HI.  Ind.  Zool.  pi,  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  292. ;  Pluvianus 
cinereus  Myth. 
2.  C.   indica  (Bcdd.)  PI.   enl.   307.  —  Parra  goensis   Gmel.  ■      9.  C.  cucullata  (Teram.)  PI.  col.  505. 
Gould,  Cent,  of  B.  pL  ;  Type  of  Lobivanellus  Strickl.  1841.  10.  C.  lobata  (Lath.). 
3.  C.  gallinacea  (Wagl.)  Jard.  &  Selby,  111.  Orn.  pi.  84.  11.  C.  melanocephala  (Riipp.)  Syst.  Uebers.  &c.  t.  44. 
4.  C.  miles  (Bodd.)  PI.  enl.  835.  —  Parra  ludoviciana  Gmel.;         12.  C.  ptrsonata  (Gould),  Proc.  Z.  S.   1842.  p.  113.,  Gould, 
Charadrius  calloeas  Wagl. 
5.  C.  senegalla  (Linn.)  PI.  enl.  362. 
B.  of  Austr.  pi. 
13.  C.  dominicana  (Linn.)  —  Charadrius  Brissonii  Wagl. 
Erythrogonys  Gould.-f 
Bill  moderate  and  rather  strong,  the  sides  compressed  and  grooved ;  the  nostrils  lateral,  basal,  and 
placed  in  a  groove  that  extends  three  fourths  of  the  length  of  the  upper  mandible,  with  the  opening 
near.     Wings  moderate  and  pointed,  with  the  first  quill  the  longest.    Tail  short  and  even.  Tarsi 
much  longer  than  the  middle  toe,  slender,  and  covered  in  front  by  transverse  scales,    loes  four  ;  the 
*  It  was  in  1839  that  the  Prince  of  Canino  established  this  genus.    It  embraces  Lobivanellus  (1841)  of  Mr.  Strickland, 
t  Mr.  Gould  established  this  genus  in  1837  {Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  183  J.  p.  155.). 
6  Q 
