CHARADRINiE. 
anterior  ones  slender,  the  outer  toe  longer  than  the  inner,  and  united  by  a  membrane  at  the  base ;  the 
hind  toe  extremely  small,  and  free. 
The  type  of  this  genus  is  found  in  Australia,  where  it  frequents  the  borders  of  the  inland  lagoons,  muddy  flats,  and 
banks  of  rivers,  in  the  wet  seasons,  seeking  its  food,  which  consists  chiefly  of  insects.  It  is  usually  observed  in  pairs, 
and  is  far  from  being  shy. 
E.  cinctus  Gould,  Syn.  Austr.  B.  pi.  —  Vanellus  rufiventris  Less. 
Hoplopterus  Pr.  Bonap.* 
Bill  moderate  and  slender,  with  the  basal  portion  of  the  culmen  depressed  and  the  tip  vaulted,  the 
sides  compressed  and  grooved  ;  the  nostrils  lateral,  basal,  and  placed  in  the  upper  lateral  groove,  which 
extends  for  two  thirds  the  length  of  the  bill,  with  the  opening  linear.  Wings  long  and  pointed ;  with 
the  first  quill  nearly  as  long  as  the  second  and  third,  which  are  equal  and  longest.  Tail  moderate, 
broad,  and  even.  Tarsi  much  longer  than  the  middle  toe,  and  covered  in  front  with  larger  scales,  which 
are  more  or  less  divided  in  the  middle.  Toes  three,  more  or  less  long  and  slender ;  with  the  outer  toe 
longer  than  the  inner ;  the  hind  toe  wanting ;  the  claws  small,  compressed,  and  slightly  curved.  The 
front  of  the  head  sometimes  more  or  less  lobed,  and  the  wings  sometimes  armed  with  an  acute  spine  or 
blunt  tubercle. 
The  species  of  this  division  are  found  in  Africa,  Asia,  and  South  America.  Their  manners  and  habits  are  similar 
to  those  of  the  last  genus. 
1.  H.  spinosus  Linn.  Pr.  Bonap.,  Briss.  Orn.  v.  t.  7.  f.  2. ; 
Charadrius  ventralis  Wagl.  Gray,  111.  Ind.  Zool.  pi.  .  ;  Ch. 
Duvaucelii  Less. 
2.  H.  persicus  (Bonn.)  Edwards's  Birds,  pi.  47.  280.,  PI.  enl. 
801. — Charadrius  spinosus  var.  ft.  Linn.  Descr,  de  l'Egypte, 
Ois.  t.  6.  f.  3.  ;  Vanellus  melasomus  Swains.  B.  of  W.  Afr.  ii. 
pi.  26.,  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  293. 
3.  H.  speciosus  (Licht.)  Wagl.  Isis,  1829.  p.  649. 
4.  H.  inornatus  (Swains.)  B.  of  W.  Afr.  ii.  p.  239- 
5.  H.  cayanus  (Lath.)  Pl.-~enl.  833.  —  Charadrius  stolatus 
Wagl. 
6.  H.  coronatus  (Bodd.)  PI.  enl.  800.  —  Charadrius  atricapillus 
Gmel.  ? 
I.  H.  armatus  (Jard.  &  Selby),  111.  Orn.  pi.  54. — Charadrius 
albiceps  Temm.  PI.  col.  526. 
8.  H.  tectus  (Bodd.)  PI.  enl.  834  Charadrius  pileatus  Gmel.  ; 
Type  of  Sarciophorus  Strickl.  (1841). 
9.  H.  tricolor  (Vieill.)  Nouv.  Diet,  de  l'Hist.  Nat.  xxxv.  p.  147. 
—  Charadrius  pectoralis  Cuv. 
10.  H.  malaharicus  (Bodd.)  PI.  enl.  880.  —  Charadrius  bilobus 
Gmel. 
II.  H.  Spixii  (Wagl.)  Syst.  A  v.  Charad.  sp.  7-  —  Charadrius 
lugubris  Less. 
12.  H.  ruficollis  (Licht.)  Isis,  1829-  p.  653. 
13.  H.  myops  (Less.)  Tr.  d'Ornith.  p.  546. 
Squatarola  Cuv.~\ 
Bill  nearly  as  long  as  the  head,  more  or  less  strong  and  straight,  with  the  basal  portion  of  the  culmen 
depressed,  the  apical  part  strong,  vaulted,  and  curved,  the  sides  compressed  and  grooved  on  both 
mandibles ;  the  gonys  short  and  ascending  ;  the  nostrils,  basal,  lateral,  linear,  and  placed  in  the  groove 
*  The  Prince  of  Canino  established  this  genus  in  1831.  Philomachns  G.  R.  Gray  (1840)  and  Acanthopteryx  of  Leach  MSS.  are 
synonymous.     It  embraces  Sarciophorus  of  Mr.  Strickland  (1841). 
t  Cuvier  established  this  division  in  1817  (Regne  Animal,  p.  467.).     Vanellus  Mcehring  (1752)  is  synonymous. 
