CINCLItfiE 
membranous  groove  that  extends  half  the  length  of  the  upper  inaudible,  with  the  opening  linear  and 
longiludinal.  Wings  very  long  and  pointed,  with  the  first  quill  the  longest.  Tail  moderate,  and  slightly 
rounded.  Tarsi  as  long  as  the  middle  toe,  robust,  and  covered  in  front  with  broad  scales.  Toes  long, 
the  outer  toe  rather  longer  than  the  inner,  and  both  free  at  the  base,  and  the  sides  of  all  margined  by  a 
narrow  membrane,  the  hind  toe  elevated,  with  the  tip  resting  on  the  ground. 
The  species  that  compose  this  genus  are  found,  owing  to  their  migratory  habits,  on  the  sca-shores  of  most  parts  of 
(he  world  nt  one  time  or  other  of  the  year.  They  arc  generally  seen  in  small  flocks  of  five  or  six  individuals, 
following  each  retreating  wave  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  the  shell-fish  that  may  he  thrown  up  by  the  action  of  the 
sea.  It  is  usual  to  observe  them  also  among  the  sea-weeds  that  have  been  left  on  the  shore  by  the  retiring  tide,  turning 
over  the  .-eparate  pieces  of  weeds  to  procure  the  shell-fish  and  insects  that  lie  concealed  among  them.  The  form  of  the 
bill  enables  these  birds  to  turn  over  the  shell  and  to  scoop  out  the  animal  with  great  dexterity.  The  females  are  said 
to  deposit  four  eggs  on  the  sand  of  the  sea-coast. 
1.  C.  intcrprrs  (Linn.)  PI.  enL  85o'.,  Edwards's  Birds,  pi.  141. —  |       2.  C.  mclanoccphalus  Vigors,  PI.  enl.  340.  857.  —  Strepsilas  in- 
Strepsilas  eollaris  Tcmm.  ;   Tringa  Morinclla  Linn. ;  Charadrius  |  terpres  Audub.  B.  of  Amer.  pi.  304. 
cinclus  Pall.,  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  318. 
Pluvianellus  Homb.  cj-  Jacq. 
Bill  small,  with  the  base  rather  depressed,  and  the  apical  half  slightly  vaulted,  and  arched  to  the  tip, 
which  is  acute  ;  the  gonys  half  the  length  of  the  lower  mandible,  and  ascending  ;  the  nostrils  lateral,  and 
placed  in  a  membranous  groove  that  extends  for  half  the  length  of  the  bill,  with  the  opening  linear  and 
longitudinal.  Wings  very  long  and  pointed,  with  the  first  quill  the  longest.  Tail  moderate  and  slightly 
rounded.  Tarsi  much  shorter  than  the  middle  toe,  and  covered  in  front  with  transverse  scales,  and 
on  the  sides  with  reticulated  scales.  Toes  long,  with  the  outer  toe  longer  than  the  inner,  both  free  at 
the  base,  and  the  sides  of  the  fore  toes  slightly  margined  by  a  membrane  ;  the  hind  toe  rather  short  and 
elevated. 
P.  socialis  (?)  Homb.  &  Jacq.  Voy.  au  Pole  Sud,  Ois.  t.  30.  f.  1. 
December,  1846. 
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