ARDEINiE. 
1.  N.  griseus  (Linn.)  Strickl.  —  Ardea  nycticorax  Linn.  PI. 
enl.  758,  759.  ;  Nycticorax  europreus  Steph.  ;  Ar.  badius  Gmel. ; 
N.  ardeola  Temm. 
2.  N.  ncevius  (Bodd.)  PI.  enl.  939-  —  Ar.  Gardeni  Gmel.;  Ar. 
maculata  Vieill. ;  Ar.  nycticorax  Wils.  Amer.  Orn.  pi.  6l.  f.  2. ; 
At.  tayazuquira  Vieill.  ;  Ar.  noactli  Gmel.  et  Ar.  jamaicensis 
Gmel.  Azara,  No.  355.  357.  ;  Ar.  cyanocephala  Mol.  ?  Kittl. 
Kupf.  Vog.  t.  35.  f.  1.;  Nycticorax  americanus  Pr.  Bonap. 
3.  N.  leuconotus  (Wagl.)  Syst.  Av.  Ardea  sp.  33. 
4.  N.  australasitr  (Vieill.)  N.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.  xiv.  p. 
5.  N.  caledonicus  (Gmel.)  Steph.  Cock's  Voy.  ii.  pi.  50. — 
Ardea  ferruginea  Forst.  Descr.  Anim.  p.  274.,  Icon.  ined.  111.; 
Ar.  Sparmannii  Wagl.  Kittl.  Kup.  Vog.  t.  35.  f.  2.,  Gould,  B.  of 
Austr.  pi. 
6.  N.  cucullatus  (Wagl.)  Isis,  1829,  p.  66l. 
7.  N.  manillensis  (Vigors),  Proc.  Z.  S.  1831,  p.  8 
8.  N.  limnophilax  (Temm.)  PI.  col.  581. 
9.  N.  goisagi  (Temm.)  PI.  col.  582. 
10.  N.  crassirostris  Vigors,  Zool.  Beechey's  Voy.  p.  27- 
11.  N.  violaceus  (Linn.)  Catesb.  Carol,  pi.  79-j  Wils.  Amer. 
Orn.  pi.  65.  f.  1.  —  Ardea  cayanensis  Gmel.  PI.  enl.  899.  ;  Ar. 
sexsetacea  Vieill. ;  Ar.  callocephala  Wagl. 
12.  N.  pileatus  (Bodd.)  PI.  enl.  907.,  Pr.  Neuw.  Abbild.  zur 
Naturg.  Bras.  t.  4. 
13.  N.  sibilatrix  Temm.  PI.  col.  271.  —  Ardea  cyanocephala 
Vieill. 
Scopus  Briss.* 
Bill  long,  with  the  culmen  elevated  at  the  base,  keeled,  and  curved  to  the  tip,  which  is  hooked,  the 
sides  much  compressed,  and  grooved  near  the  culmen  from  the  base  to  the  tip;  the  gonys  long,  and 
curved  upwards ;  the  nostrils  basal  and  lateral,  with  the  opening  linear,  exposed,  and  partly  closed  by 
a  membranous  scale.  Wings  long,  with  the  third  and  fourth  quills  equal  and  longest.  Tail  short 
and  even.  Tarsi  longer  than  the  middle  toe,  compressed,  and  covered  with  small  reticulated  scales. 
Toes  moderate  ;  the  outer  longer  than  the  inner,  both  are  united  at  their  base  by  a  membrane, 
which  extends  along  the  sides  to  the  tip ;  the  hind  toe  moderate,  and  even  with  the  others ;  the  claws 
rather  short,  and  slightly  curved. 
The  type  of  this  genus  is  peculiar  to  Africa. 
S.  umbretta  Gmel.  PI.  enl.  796. 
Cancroma  Linn.f 
Bill  longer  than  the  head,  very  depressed,  and  extremely  broad  and  dilated  towards  the  middle,  with 
the  sides  gradually  compressed  at  the  end  ;  the  culmen  prominently  keeled,  with  a  deep  lateral  groove  that 
extends  to  the  tip,  which  is  acutely  hooked ;  the  nostrils  placed  in  the  lateral  groove  on  the  surface  of  the 
bill,  with  the  opening  longitudinal  and  partly  closed  by  a  membrane.  Wings  moderate,  with  the  third 
and  fourth  quills  equal  and  longest.  Tail  short  and  rounded.  Tarsi  rather  longer  than  the  middle  toe, 
slender,  and  covered  in  front  with  large  irregular  scales.  Toes  moderate ;  the  outer  toe  longer  than  the 
inner,  and  slightly  united  at  the  base  ;  the  hind  toe  long,  and  even  with  the  anterior  toes ;  the  claws 
rather  short,  curved,  and  acute. 
*  Brisson  established  this  genus  in  17<>0.    Cepheus  of  Wagler  (1827)  is  synonymous. 
t  Linntcus  established  this  genus  in  1766.    Cochlearius  of  Brisson  (I76O)  and  Cymbops  of  Wagler  (1827)  are  synonymous. 
