TAXTALINiE. 
It  is  in  the  warmer  parts  of  Asia,  Africa,  and  America  that  the  species  of  this  division  are  found.  They  are 
observed  in  small  or  large  flocks,  on  the  banks  of  rivers,  lakes,  and  swampy  places,  or  on  land  that  has  been  recently 
overflowed,  wading  knee-deep  in  search  of  their  food,  which  consists  of  frogs,  water  lizards,  various  insects,  and  snails- 
Some  species  frequent  the  plains  and  open  dry  places,  subsisting  chiefly  on  insects  and  worms ;  while  others  have  been 
observed,  perched  on  the  decayed  trunks  of  trees  as  they  float  down  the  streams,  watching  the  approach  of  fish,  on 
which  they  pounce  with  their  long  bills.  They  usually  perch  on  the  exposed  and  elevated  branches  of  the  neighbouring 
trees  after  having  partaken  of  a  sufficient  supply  of  food,  when  they  are  extremely  cautious  and  watchful.  Their  flight 
is  usually  performed  in  sweeps,  high  up  in  the  air ;  but  when  migrating,  which  they  often  do  in  search  of  food  or  on 
the  change  of  season,  they  usually  arrange  themselves  in  two  diverging  lines  from  a  leader.  The  nest  is  placed  either 
on  the  trunk  of  a  decayed  tree,  or  on  the  ground,  and  is  composed  of  leaves  and  sticks.  The  eggs  are  usually  two  to 
three  in  number. 
1.  G.  papillosus  (Temm.)  PL  col.  304. —  Ibis  papillata  Wagl. 
2.  G.  calvus  (Bodd.)  PI.  enl.  867-  —  Tantalus  niger  Gmel. ; 
T.  capensis  Forst.  Descr.  Anim.  p.  48.  et  Icon.  ined.  116. 
3.  G.  spinicollis  James.  New  Phil.  Journ.  No.  37.  p.  213.  — 
Ibis  Lathami  Gray;  I.  lamellicollis  Lafr.  Mag.  de  Zool.  1836. 
t.  57.,  Jard.  &  Selby,  s.  5.  t.  17.,  Gould,  B.  of  Austr.  pi. 
4.  G.  gonocephala  Wagl.  Isis,  1829.  P-  76l. 
5.  G.  cethiopicus  (Lath.)  —  Numenius  Ibis  Cuv.  Ann.  du  Mus. 
iv.  Il6.  t.  53.  ;  Ibis  religiosa  Sav.  Hist,  de  l'E'gypt.  Ois.  t.  7.  f.  1.  ; 
Type  of  Threskiornis  G.  R.  Gray  (1842). 
6.  G.  melanocephalus  (Lath.)  Jard.  &  Selby,  111.  Orn.  pi.  —  Ibis 
Macei  Wagl.  ;  I.  leucon  Temm.  PI.  col.  481. ;  I.  molucca  Cuv. 
7.  G.  strictipennis  (Gould),  Proc.  Z.  S.  1837.  p.  106.,  B.  of 
Austr.  pi. 
8.  G.  cayanensis  (Gmel.)  Pi.  enl.  820.  —  Ibis  sylvatica  Vieill. ; 
I.  dentirostris  Wagl.;  Type  of  Harpiprion  Wagl.  (1832). 
9.  G.  carulescens  Vieill.  N.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.  xvi.  18.  —  Ibis 
plumbea  Temm.  PI.  col.  235.,  Azara,  No.  363. 
10.  G.  hagedash  (Sparr.)  —  Tantalus  cafrensis  Licht. ;  Ibis  chal- 
coptera  Vieill.  Gal.  des  Ois.  t.  246. 
11.  G.  carunculatus  (Riipp.)   Faun.  Abyss,  t.  19  Type  of 
Bostrychia  Reich.  (1845?). 
12.  G.  cristatus  (Bodd.)  PI.  enl.  841. 
13.  G.  comatus  (Riipp.)  Syst.  Uebers.  &c.  t.  45. 
14.  G.  caudatus  (Bodd.)  PI.  enl.  976.  —  Tantalus  albicollis 
Gmel. 
15.  G.  melanopis  (Gmel.)  Lath.  Syn.  v.  t.  79-  —  Tantalus  me- 
lanops  Forst.  Desc.  Anim.  p.  332.,  Icon.  ined.  117.;  Type  of  The- 
risticus  Wagl.  (1832). 
16.  G.  infuscatus  (Licht.)  —  Ibis  nudifrons  Spix,  Av.  Bras, 
t.  86.;  Type  of  Phimosus  Wagl.  (1832.). 
17.  G.  oxycercus  (Spix),  Av.  Bras.  ii.  t.  87. — Type  of  Cercibis 
Wagl.  (1832.). 
18.  ?  G.  rufus  (Scop.)  Sonn.  Voy.  t.  47.  —  Tantalus  manillensis 
Gmel. ;  Ibis  fuscata  Vieill. 
April,  1847. 
