Order  VII.  GRALLiE. 
Family  III.  Scolopacidje. 
f 
The  fourth  Subfamily, 
TRINGINiE,  or  Sandpipers, 
have  the  Bill  generally  longer  than,  or  as  long  as,  the  head,  slender,  compressed  on  the  sides,  with  the 
culmen  near  the  tip  slightly  depressed  and  enlarged ;  the  Nostrils  basal,  and  placed  in  a  nasal  groove 
that  extends  for  two  thirds  of  the  bill ;  the  Wings  long  and  pointed ;  the  Tail  moderate  and  rounded ; 
the  Tarsi  usually  long  and  slender  ;  the  Toes  more  or  less  long,  and  united  at  the  base. 
Hemipalama  Pr.  Bonap* 
Bill  longer  than  the  head,  slender,  the  base  compressed  on  the  sides,  and  slightly  depressed  towards 
the  tip,  which  is  rather  curved  ;  the  nostrils  basal,  lateral,  and  placed  in  a  narrow  nasal  groove.  Wings 
long  and  pointed,  with  the  first  quill  the  longest.  Tail  moderate,  and  nearly  even.  Tarsi  long,  slender, 
and  compressed,  covered  with  transverse  scales  in  front.  Toes  moderate,  slender,  and  the  anterior  ones 
united  at  the  base  by  a  small  membrane ;  the  hind  toe  very  small  and  elevated  ;  the  claws  rather  long, 
very  slender,  and  arched. 
This  bird  is  found  only  in  the  high  northern  latitudes  during  the  summer,  frequenting  the  borders  of  the  fresh- 
water lakes  and  ponds,  but  resorts  to  the  flat  shores  of  Hudson's  Bay  in  the  autumn,  prior  to  taking  its  departure 
for  the  northern  and  middle  states  of  the  American  Union,  where  it  is  found  during  the  winter  months. 
1.  H.  multistriata    (Licht.)  —  Tringa    himantopus  Pr.  Bonap.         2.  H.  Audubon i  Nutt.   Man.  ii.  140. —  T.  himantopus    Rich.  Sf 
Amer.  Orn.  pi.  25.  f.  3.,  Audub.  B.  of  Arner.  pi.  344.  ;    Tringa     Sw.  ? 
Douglassii  Su-ains.  Faun.  Bor.  Arner.  Birds,  pi.  66. 
Philomachus  Mcehr.\ 
Bill  as  long  as  the  head,  straight,  rather  slender,  the  sides  compressed  and  grooved  to  near  the  tip, 
which  is  rather  dilated ;  the  nostrils  basal,  lateral,  and  placed  in  a  nasal  groove.  Wings  long  and 
pointed,  with  the  first  and  second  quills  equal  and  longest.  Tail  rather  short,  and  nearly  even.  Tarsi 
long,  slender,  and  covered  in  front  with  transverse  scales.  Toes  moderate,  the  lateral  ones  unequal,  with 
the  outer  toe  united  at  the  base  to  the  middle  one  as  far  as  the  first  joint,  and  the  base  of  the  inner  toe 
free  ;  the  hind  toe  elevated  and  short. 
This  bird  inhabits  the  northern  latitudes  during  the  summer,  and  the  more  temperate  parts  of  the  old  continent  during 
the  winter.    It  is  generally  observed  in  flocks  on  marshes  or  inundated  places,  and  occasionally  on  the  sea  coast. 
*  Established  by  the  Prince  of  Canino  in  1828  (Synopsis  of  the  Birds  of  the  United  States,  p.  316.). 
t  Meehring  (Gen.  Avium)  established  this  genus  in  1752.    PavonceHa  of  Leach  (1816)  and  Machetes  of  Cuvier  (1817)  are  coequal. 
