Ti;i.\<ilN.K. 
During  the  spring  the  male  is  furnished  with  a  curious  appendage  on  each  side  of  the  neck;  while  thus  ornanicntcd  it 
is  very  irritable,  and  lights  every  male  bird  that  appears  in  view  with  great  deiennination  and  obstinacy,  until  one  of 
them  betakes  itself  to  Might,  but  its  tears  are  soon  dispelled,  and  it  renews  the  conflict  as  soon  as  another  appears.  The 
food  is  sought  for  during  the  night ;  it  consists  of  worms,  insects,  and  their  larvflB.  The  nest  is  formed  of  coarse  grass, 
and  18  placed  in  a  hollow  on  the  ground.     The  eggs  are  generally  four  in  number. 
P.  jmgnax  (Linn.)  PL  enL  300.  805,  306.84*.,  Gould,  11.  of    tanus  indicus  Gray,  111.  Ind.  Zool.  pi.  52.  f.  1.  ;  Limosa  Ilanlwickii 
Bar.  pL  8S8.  —  Tringa  variegata  Bran.;  T.  equestris  Lath.;  T.     Gray,  111.  Ind.  Zool.  pi.  52.  f.  2. 
grctun  icensis  Lath.  ;  T.  rufescens  Bcchst.  ;  T.  littorea  Gmel.  ;  To- 
Tringa  Linn* 
Hill  as  long  as,  or  longer  than,  the  head,  straight,  slender,  with  the  sides  compressed  at  the  base,  and 
rather  dilated  and  depressed  at  the  tip ;  the  nostrils  placed  in  a  nasal  groove,  which  extends  to  near  the 
tip,  basal,  lateral,  and  longitudinal.  Wings  moderate  and  pointed,  with  the  first  quill  the  longest.  Tail 
rather  short,  and  nearly  even.  Tarsi  strong,  rather  long,  and  covered  in  front  with  transverse  scales. 
Toes  moderate,  slightly  united  at  the  base  of  the  outer  toe,  and  all  margined  on  the  sides  by  a  membrane  ; 
the  hind  toe  very  small  and  elevated. 
The  marine  marshes  and  the  sea  shores,  as  well  as  the  borders  of  inland  lakes  and  rivers,  of  the  more  genial  parts  of 
the  world  are  frequented  during  the  winter  by  the  birds  that  compose  this  genus.  They  retire  in  large  flocks  to  the 
colder  latitudes  on  the  return  of  the  summer  months.  It  is  on  the  shores,  after  the  recess  of  the  tide,  in  company  with 
other  species,  that  these  birds  arc  seen  collecting  their  food  from  the  refuse  of  the  ocean,  or  quietly  and  intently  probing 
the  moist  sands  for  worms  and  small  shellfish,  or  quickly  running  before  the  advancing  surge  and  profiting  by  what  it 
leaves  behind  in  its  retreat. 
1.  T.  nnnitns  Linn.  PL  enL  366.  .365.,  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  324. 
—  Tringa  cinerea  Br  an.  ;  T.  islamlicus,  T.  nsevia,  et  T.  australis 
Gmd.  ;  T.  glareola  Pall.  ;  T.  ferruginea  Meyer  Sf  Wolf;  T.  rufa 
Wils.  Amer.  Orn.  pi.  57.  f.  2.5.,  Audub.  B.  of  Amer.  815.  ;  T.  grisea 
dm  el. 
2.  T.  maritima  Briin.  Orn.  Bor  No.  182.,  Gould,  B.  of  Euf.pl. 
.344.  —  Tringa  nigricans  Mont.  ;  T.  arquatella  Pall,  Audub.  B.  of 
Amer.  pi.  284. 
.3.  T.  rufescens  Vieill.  N.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.  xxxiv.  470.,  Gould, 
B.  of  Eur.  pi  .326,  Audub.  B.  of  Amer.  pi.  265.,  Linn.  Trans,  xvi. 
p.  I  10.  pi.  1  1. 
4.  T.  leucoptera  Gmel.  Lath.  Syn.  v.  pi.  82. —  Tringa  pyirhotnea 
Fortt.  Desc.  Anim.  p.  174.,  Icon.  ined.  120. 
5.  T.  melanotus  Vieill.  Ency.  Mt'th.  p.  1088.  —  Tringa  dorsalis 
Licht.  Meyen,  Nov.  Acta,  18.39,  Azara  No.  401. 
6.  T.  platyrhyncha  Temm  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  331.  —  Tringa 
eloroides  Vieill.  ;  Limicola  pygma-us  Koch ;  Type  of  Limicola 
Kaup  (1816). 
7.  T.  cinclus  Linn.  PI.  enL  852.,  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  329-  — 
Tringa  alpina  Linn.  ;  T.  ruficollis  Gmel.  ;  Numenius  variabilis 
Bcchst .  Audub.  B.  of  Amer.  290.,  Wils.  Amer.  Orn.  pi.  57-  f.  3.  pi. 
56.  f.  2.  ;  T.  variabilis  Meyer  ;  Scolopax  pusilla  Gmel.  ;  'J',  salina 
Pall.  Zoogr.  ii.  199.  t.  6l.  ?  Type  of  Schreniclus  Meehr.  (1752). 
8.  T.  Schinzii  Brehm.  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  330.,  Pr.  Bonap. 
Amer.  Orn.  pi.  24.  f.  2.,  Audub.  B.  of  Amer.  pi.  278.  ;  Pelidna  cin- 
clus var.  Say. 
9.  T.  pectoratts  Say,  Pr.  Bonap.  Amer.  Orn.  iii.  pi.  23.  f.  2.,  Gould, 
B.  of  Eur.  pi.  327.,  Audub.  B  of  Amer.  pi.  294.  —  Tringa  campes- 
tris  Licht.  ?  ;  T.  fuscicollis  Vieill.  ? ;  Azara  No.  404. 
10.  ?  T.  australis  Jard.  &  Selby,  111.  Ornith.  pi.  91. 
1  1.  T.  minutus  Leisl.  Nachtr.  i.  74.,  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  332. 
—  Tringa  pusilla  Mey.  S;  Wolf;  T.  cinclus  Pall.  ;  Type  of  Acto- 
dromus  Kaup  (1829). 
12.  T.  Temminckii  Leisl.  Nachtr.  i.  65.,  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi. 
333.,  Temm.  PI.  col.  41.  f.  1.  — Tringa  pusilla  Bechst.  ;  Type  of 
Leimonites  Kaup  (1829). 
1.3.  T.  albescens  (Temm.)  PL  col.  41.  f.  2. —  Calidris  australis  Cuv. 
14.  T.  pusilla  Wils.  Amer.  Orn.  pi.  37- 1\  4.  —  T.  Wilsoni  Nutt. 
15.  ?  T.  minutilla  Vieill.  N.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.  xxxiv.  466. — Tringa 
dominicensra  Steph. 
16.  T.  subarquata  Gmel.  PL  enl.  851.,  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  328. 
—  Tringa  ferruginea  Briin.  ;  T.  islandica  Retz. ;  Scolopax  africana 
Gmel.  ;  Sc.  caff'ra  Forst.  Desc.  Anim.  p.  4g.  et  Icon.  ined.  118.  ; 
Tringa  falcinella  Pall. ;  Scolopax  pygmsea  Gmel.  Penn.  Gen.  Birds, 
pi.  1 1.,  Boys's  Sandw.  pi.  p.  .  ;  Numenius  pygmaeus  Lath.  Audub. 
B.  of  Amer.  pi.  26.3.  ;  Erolia  varia  Vieill.  PI.  col.  510.  ;  Falcinellus 
*  Linnieus  established  this  genus  in  1735  (Syst.  Nat.).  It 
(1830).  It  embraces  the  following  generic  names  of  M.  Kaup, 
latter  name  is  svnonvmous  with  Limicola  Koch  (1816).  Erolia 
also  form  part  of  this  genus. 
is  coequal  with  Calidris  of  Cuvier  (1817),  and  Canutus  of  M.  Brehm 
A ncylocheilu S,  Leimonites,  Actodromus,  and  Falcinellus  (1829).  This 
of  Vieillot  (1816)  and  its  synonyme  of  Falcinellus  of  Cuvier  (1817) 
3  « 
