SC0L0PACIN2E. 
groove,  with  the  opening  oblong  and  exposed.  Wings  moderate  and  pointed,  with  the  first  and  second 
quills  equal  and  longest.  'Tail  short  and  rounded.  Tarsi  moderate,  shorter  than  the  middle  toe,  strong, 
and  covered  in  front  with  narrow  transverse  scales ;  the  tibia  bare  for  a  short  space  above  the  knee. 
Toes  long,  the  inner  toe  shorter  than  the  outer,  and  free  at  their  base;  the  hind  toe  moderate  and 
elevated,  with  the  claw  long  and  curved. 
These  birds  arc  scattered  through  the  globe.  They  frequent  swampy  woods  and  forests,  or  the  open  marshes, 
morasses,  and  borders  of  rivers.  Their  usual  times  for  seeking  their  food  is  early  in  the  morning,  and  during  the 
twilight  of  the  evening:  it  consists  of  insects  and  worms;  for  these  they  search  the  decayed  leaves,  and  they  also 
probe  the  mud  and  slime  with  their  lengthened  bills.  When  alarmed,  they  generally  lie  close  to  the  ground  or  among 
the  grass,  or  suddenly  start  on  the  wing,  escaping  by  a  short  flight,  which  is  elevated,  rapid,  and  irregular.  The 
number  of  the  eggs  is  usually  four;  these  are  deposited  on  the  ground. 
1.  G.  major  (Gmcl.)  Step)).  —  Scolopax  media  Frisch.  Vog.  t. 
228.  ;  S.  paludosa  Ji<tz.  ;  S.  palustris  Pall.  ;  S.  gallinacea  Dumont, 
Gould,  It.  of*  Eur.  pi.  821.  f.  1.  j  Gallinago  Montagui  Pr.  Bonap. 
2.  G.  media  Steph.  —  Scolopax  gallinago  Linn.;  S.  grallinaria 
Gmeh  PL  enL  883.,  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  321.  f.  2. ;  Gallinago  sco- 
lopacinus  Pr.  Bonap.  ;  S.  uniclavatus  Hodgs.  Journ.  As.  Soc.  B. 
1837.  492. 
3.  ?  G.  Brehmii  (Kaup.). 
4.  G.  ga/linula  (Linn.)  PI.  enl.  884.,  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  322. 
—  Gallinago  minima  Steph. ;  Type  of  I.ymnocryptes  Kaup. 
5.  G.  Wilnoni  (Temm.)  Pr.  Bonap.  —  Scolopax  gallinago  H'ils. 
Amer.  Orn.  pL  47-  f.  2.,  Audub.  B.  of  Amer.  pi.  243.  ;  S.  delicata 
Ord. 
6.  G.  Drummondii  (Swains.)  Pr.  Bonap.  Faun.  Bor.  Amer.  ii. 
p.  400. 
7.  G.  Douglassii  (Swains.)  Pr.  Bonap.  Faun.  Bor.  Amer.  ii.  p. 
400. 
8.  G.  leucura  (Swains.)  Faun.  Bor.  Amer.  ii.  p.  501. 
9.  G.  trachydactylus  (Wagl.)  Isis,  1831.  p.  522. 
10.  G.  stenura  (Temm.)  Pr.  Bonap.  Monogr.  Scol.  sp.  7.  —  Sco- 
lopax gallinago  Horsf. ;  S.  Ilorsfieldii  Gray,  111.  Ind.  Zool.  ii.  pi.  54. 
f.  ;  S.  biclavatus  Hodgs.  ;  Gallinago  media  var.  Hodgn.  ;  G.  heterura 
Hodgs. 
11.  G.  australia  (Lath.)  Lamb.  Icon.  ined.  iii.  t.  1.  —  Scolopax 
Hardwickii  Gray. 
12.  G.  solitaria  (Hodgs.)  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  1836.  p.  8. 
13.  G.  Burka  (Pr.  Bonap.)  Monogr.  Scolop.  (note). 
14.  G.  ncmoricola  (Hodgs.)  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  1836.  p.  8.,  Jerd. 
111.  Ind.  Orn.  pi.  9. ;  Type  of  Nemoricola  Hodgs.  (1 837). 
15.  G. paraguaial   (Yieill.)     Ency.  Meth.  p  S.  Brasiliensis 
Swains. ;  S.  frenatus  77/.  Azara,  No.  387. 
16.  G.  magellanica  (King),  Zool.  Journ.  iv.  p. 93. 
17.  G.  aucklandica  G.  R.  Gray,  Voy.  Eveb.  &  Terr.  Zool.  pi.  IS. 
18.  G.  clegans  (Desjard.)  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  1835.  p.  204. 
19.  G.  cayanensis  (Gmel.)  Steph. 
20.  G.  undulata  (Bodd.)  PI.  enl.  895.  —  Scolopax  paludosa 
Gmel.  ;  S.  australis  Less. 
21.  G.  Stricklandii  G.  R.  Gray,  Voy.  Ereb.  &  Terr.  Birds,  pi.  33. 
22.  G.  gigantea  (Natt.)  PL  col.  403. 
24.  G.  Sabini  (Vigors),  Linn.  Trans,  xiv.  p.  556.  pi.  31.,  Gould, 
B.  of  Eur.  pi.  321.  f.  1.,  Jard.  &  Selby,  111.  Orn.  ii.  p.  27.  ;  Type  of 
Enalius  Kaup.  (1829). 
?  25.  G.  sakhalina  (Vieill.)  N.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.  iii.  359.,  Krust. 
Voy.  t.  86. 
26.  G.  saturata  (Horsf.)  Steph.  Linn.  Trans,  xiii.  p.  191., 
Res.  in  Java,  pi. 
Scolopax  Linn.* 
Bill  long,  slender,  straight,  compressed,  and  grooved  on  the  sides  for  nearly  its  entire  length ;  the 
tip  obtuse,  and  bent  over  that  of  the  lower  mandible  ;  the  nostrils  lateral,  basal,  placed  in  the  lateral 
groove,  with  the  opening  exposed  and  linear.  Wings  long,  with  the  first  quill  the  longest  .  Tail  short 
and  rounded.  Tarsi  shorter  than  the  middle  toe,  robust,  feathered  below,  the  knee,  and  covered  in 
front  with  narrow  transverse  scales.  Toes  moderate,  rather  slender,  the  inner  toe  shorter  than  the 
outer  ;  the  hind  toe  long  and  elevated,  with  the  claws  very  small. 
*  Linnteus  established  this  genus  in  1756.     It  had  been  previously  proposed  under  the  name  of  Busticola  by  Mcehring  in  1752. 
4  x 
