AN  A  TIN  I 
and  the  apical  pari  much  curved  upwards;  the  lamellee  slender,  rather  widely  set,  and  more  strongly 
constructed  anteriorly  on  the  inner  portion  of  the  lateral  margins  ;  the  nostrils  large,  oval,  and  placed 
near  the  base  and  culmen.  Wings  moderate,  pointed,  with  the  second  quill  the  longest,  and  armed  on 
i he  shoulder  with  a  tnherele.  Tail  moderate  and  nearly  even.  Tarsi  strong,  rather  shorter  than  the 
middle  toe.  Toot  short  and  fully  webbed;  the  hind  toe  moderate  and  elevated,  and  slightly  lobed  ; 
Uie  claws  moderate  and  curved. 
The  type  of*  this  division  is  generally  scattered  in  various  parts  of  the  old  world,  and  is  found  on  the  sea  coast,  as 
well  as  on  the  fresh-water  rivers  and  lakes  of  the  interior.  It  perforins  periodical  migrations  to  the  more  northern 
latitudes.  The  other  species  are  peculiar  to  Australia.  Marine  plants,  shell-fish,  and  molluscous  animals  form  their 
principal  food.  Their  nest  is  formed  of  grass,  lined  with  down,  in  the  deserted  burrows  of  rabbits,  which  are  often 
found  on  the  coast.     The  female  lays  from  twelve  to  fourteen  eggs. 
1.  T.  Vulpnnsvr  Flcm.  PI.  enl.  53.  —  Anas  Tatlorna  Linn. ;  Ta-         2.  T.  Rndjnh  (Garn.)  Voy.  dc  la  Coqu.  Ois.  t.  49. 
dorna   familhiris   Boie ;    T.  Belloni  Steph. ;   Anas  cornuta  Gmel.         3.  T.  neevosa  (Gould),   Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  1840.  p.  177.,  Birds  of 
Gould's  B.  of  Eur.  pi.  857«  Austr.  pL 
Casarka  Pr.  Bonap.* 
Bill  as  long  as  the  head,  nearly  straight,  the  width  equalling  the  height  at  the  base,  the  anterior  half 
depressed,  and  scarcely  curved  upwards  at  the  tip,  which  is  armed  with  a  strong  broad  nail;  the  basal 
part  of  the  lateral  margin  straight,  and  the  apical  part  slightly  curved  upwards ;  the  lamellas  of  the 
upper  mandible  prominent  below  the  lateral  margins,  slender,  and  set  rather  widely  apart  ;  the  nostrils 
suboval,  near  the  base  and  culmen.  Wings  moderate,  with  the  second  quill  the  longest.  Tail  short 
and  rounded.  Tarsi  robust,  shorter  than  the  middle  toe.  Toes  long,  and  united  by  a  full  web  ;  and 
the  hind  toe  long,  elevated,  and  lobed. 
The  European  species  of  this  division  occurs  also  in  most  parts  of  Asia  and  Africa,  and  is  said  to  be  principally 
found  on  the  large  rivers,  and  but  rarely  on  the  sea  coast.  Their  food  consists  of  aquatic  vegetables,  as  well  as  the 
small  fry  of  fish  and  insects.  It  is  in  burrows,  especially  of  the  marmots,  on  the  banks  of  rivers,  that  the  female 
deposits  eight  to  ten  eggs.    Other  species  are  inhabitants  of  Australia  and  New  Zealand. 
1.  C.  rutila  (Pall.)  Hist.de  1' Egypt.  Ois.  t.  10.  f.  1.,  Gould's  B.  3.  C.  variegata  (Gmel.)  — Anas  Cheneros  Forst.  Descriptioncs 
of  Eur.  pi.  358.  —  Anas  Casarca  Linn.  ;  A.  rubra  Gmel.  Aniinalium,  &c.  p.  92.,  Icon.  ined.  67.  ;  Casarka  castanea  Eyton, 
2.  C.  tadornoides  (Jard.  &  Selby),  Eyton,  lllustr.  Ornith.  pi.  62.     Anat.pl.  p.  108. 
A ix  Boie.-\ 
Bill  shorter  than  the  head,  the  height  at  the  base  not  equal  with  the  width,  slightly  narrowing,  and 
the  culmen  sloping  towards  the  tip,  which  is  armed  with  a  very  broad  and  large  nail ;  the  lateral 
margins  straight,  the  lamellse  of  the  upper  mandible  short,  widely  set  and  thick ;  the  nostrils  oval, 
*  Established  by  the  Prince  of  Canino  {List  of  Birds  of  Europe  and  N.  America)  in  1838. 
t  It  was  in  1828  that  this  genus  was  established  by  M.  Boie  (Tsis),  yet  other  names  have  since  been  employed  for  it;  viz. 
Cosmonessa  of  M.  Kaup  (1829),  Dendronessa  of  Mr.  Swainson  (1831),  and  Lampronessa  of  Wagler  (1832).  These  are  all  coequal 
with  the  one  used  above. 
