AXATINjE. 
6".  A.  cristata  Gmel.  —  Anas  lophyra  Forst.  Desc.  Anim.  p.  340. 
and  Icon.  ined.  78.  ;  A.  pyrogastra  Meyen,  Nova  Acta,  1833.  t.  25. 
7.  A.  luzonica  Fras.  Proc.  Z.  S.  1839.  113. 
8.  A.  georgica  Gmel.  —  Anas  xanthorhyncha  Forst.  Desc.  Anim. 
p.  342.,  and  Icon.  ined.  71- 
9.  A.  sparsa  A.  Smith,  Eyton's  Anat.  p.  142.,  111.  Zool.  S.  Afr. 
Birds,  pi.  97. 
10.  A.  caryophyllacea  Lath.  Gen.  Syn.  pi.  —  Anas  erythrocephala 
Bonn. 
11.  A.  —  Anas  superciliosa  Mull.  6$  Schl.  Verh. 
Nat.  Gesch.  Nederl.  p.  178. 
12.  A.  xanthorhyncha  Forst.  Desc.  Anim.  p.  45.,  and  Icon.  ined. 
72. — Anas  flavirostris  A.Smith,  Eyton's  Anat.  p.  141.,  111.  Zool. 
S.  Afr.  Birds,  pi.  96. 
13.  A.  capensis  Gmel.  —  Anas  assimilis  Forst.  Desc.  Anim.  p. 
46.  and  Icon.  ined.  75. 
14.  A.  erythrorhyneha  Gmel.  —  Anas  pyrrhorhyncha  Forst. 
Desc.  Anim.  p.  45.  and  Icon.  ined.  73. 
15.  A.  pesosaca  Vieill.  N.  Diet.  H.  Nat.  v.  132.,  Azara  No.  430. 
16.  A.  rubrirostris  Vieill.  N.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.  v.  108.,  Azara 
No.  433. 
17.  A.  bicolor  Vieill.  N.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.  v.  136*.,  Azara  No.  436. 
18.  A.  melanocephala  Vieill.  N.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.  v.  163.,  Azara 
No.  438. 
19.  A.  flavirostris  Vieill.  N.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.  v.  107.,  Azara  No. 
439. 
20.  A.  leucophrys  Vieill.  N.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.  v.  156'.,  Azara  No. 
442. 
21.  A.  punctata  Burch.  Tr.  S.  Afr.  p.  283. 
22.  A.  oxyura  Licht.  Meyen,  Nova  Act.  xvi.  122.  —  Anas  spini- 
cauda  Vieill. 
23.  ?  A.  rubidopteron  Dubois,  Ornith.  Gal.  t. 
QUERQUEDULA  Steph.* 
Bill  as  long  as  the  head,  straight,  the  height  equalling  the  breadth  at  the  base,  of  equal  width 
throughout,  depressed  towards  the  tip,  which  is  armed  with  a  small  narrow  hooked  nail  ;  the  lamella? 
of  the  upper  mandible  hardly  visible,  broad,  and  rather  widely  set  ;  the  nostrils  situated  near  the  base 
and  culmen,  lateral,  and  oval.  Wings  moderate  and  pointed,  with  the  second  quill  the  longest,  and 
the  secondaries  lengthened  and  pointed.  Tail  moderate  and  wedge-shaped.  Tarsi  rather  shorter  than 
the  middle  toe.    Toes  united  by  a  full  web  ;  and  the  hind  toe  short  and  slightly  lobed. 
The  birds  of  this  division  are  mostly  found  in  Europe,  Asia,  and  North  America ;  others,  however,  are  distributed  in 
South  America  and  Africa.  They  are  migratory  birds,  commencing  their  rapid  flights  in  small  flocks  soon  after 
sunset ;  and  are  generally  seen,  throughout  the  day,  resting  on  the  surface  of  the  fresh-water  ponds,  or  on  the  reedy 
shores  of  rivers  and  lakes.  During  the  twilight  and  night,  they  sift  with  their  bills  the  mud  and  herbage  for  their 
food,  which  consists  of  seeds  of  various  aquatic  plants,  insects,  and  worms.  Their  nests  are  made  of  a  vast  mass  of 
decayed  vegetable  matter,  lined  with  down,  wherein  the  female  deposits  from  eight  to  ten  eggs. 
1.  Q.  Crecca  (Linn.)  PI.  enl.  947-  |      9.  Q.  Ipecuturi  (Vieill.)   N.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.  v.  120. —  Anas 
2.  Q.  carolinensis  (Gmel.)  Steph.  AVils.  Amer.  Orn.  pi.  70.  f.  4.,  '  Paturi  Spix,  Av.  Bras.  ii.  t.  109.;  Querquedula  erythrorhyneha 
Jard.  &  Selby's  111.  Orn.  pi.  146.  —  Anas  sylvatica  Vieill.  Eyton,  Azara  No.  437. 
3.  Q.  creccoides  (King),  Eyton,  Zool.  Journ.  iv.  99.  —  Anas  10.  Q.  multicolor  (Scop.)  Sonn.  Voy.  t.  55.  —  Anas  manillensis 
oxyptera  Meyen,  Nova  Acta,  1833.  t.  26.  Gmel. 
4.  Q.falcata  (Pall.)    Penn.  Arct.  Zool.  p.  574.  pi.  23.,  Pall,  j       11.  Q.  Hina  (Lath.)  Steph. 
Zoogr.  t.  70.  12.  Q.  torquata  (Vieill.)  N.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.  v.  110.,  Azara 
5.  Q.  java na  (Bodd.)  PI.  enl.  930. — Anas  javanensis  Bonn.  No.  441. 
6.  Q.  glocitans  (Pall.)  Act.  Stock.  1779-  p.  33.  t.  I.  — Anas  '  13.  Q.  hnmcralis  Mull.  &  Schl.  Verh.  Nat.  Gesch.  Nederl. 
picta  Stel. ;  A.  torquata  Mes.  ;  A.  formosa  Georgi  ;  A.  haikal  Bonn.      p.  1  59- 
7.  Q.  bimaculuta  (Penn.)  —  Anas  glocitans  Gmel.  14.  Q.  Puna  (Licht.)  Tschudi,  Faun.  Peruana,  p.  55. 
8.  Q.  hottentotta  A.Smith,    Eyton's   Anat.  p.  1 29.  111.  Zool.  S.  J       15.  Q.  capensis  A.  Smith,  Eyton's  Anat.  p.  128. 
Afr.  Birds. 
Ptekocyanea  Pr.  Bonap.-\ 
Bill  long,  straight,  higher  than  broad  at  the  base,  but  the  sides  gradually  widening  to  the  tip ;  the 
lamella?  of  the  upper  mandible  prominent,  and  strong  in  the  middle. 
*  Established  by  Mr.  Stephens  {Gen.  Zool.  xii.  p.  142.)  in  1824  ;  M.  Kaup,  in  1829,  substituted  Nettion. 
f  This  division  was  originally  made  by  Mr.  Eyton,  in  1838,  under  the  name  of  Cyanopterus,  which  word,  however,  having  been  previously 
employed,  it  was  changed  to  the  above  by  the  Prince  of  Canino,  in  1842  ? 
