FULIGULINiE. 
is  powerful  and  quick ;  and  they  are  remarkably  active  on  the  water,  swimming  and  diving  with  the  greatest  dex- 
terity. It  is  by  the  latter  mode  that  they  obtain  their  food,  which  consists  of  small  fry,  molluscous  animals,  shrimps, 
worms,  &c.  The  nest  is  built  among  rushes,  or  sometimes  in  the  hollow  of  a  tree  ;  and  they  lay  from  twelve  to  fourteen 
eggs. 
1.  C.  Glaucion  (Linn.)  Boie,  Planch,  enlumin.  802.—  Anas  Clan-  |  3.  C.  islandica  (J.  Fr.  Gmel.)  Briss.  Orn.  vi.  t.  36.  f.  1.  2.  — 
gula  Linn. ;  Clangula  vulgaris  Flem. ;  Clangula  chrysophthalma     Clangula  Barrovii  Swains.  Faun.  Bor.  Amer.  pi.  70. 
Steph. ;  Anas  hyemalis  Pall.  Zoogr.  ii.  t.  72.  ;  Anas  peregrina  S.  G.  4.  C.  histrionica  (Linn.)  Steph.  Pi.  enl.  798,  799- — Anas  minuta 
Gmel,  Linn.  Wils.  Amer.  Orn.  pi.  72.  f.  4. ;  Anas  torquata  Briss. 
2.  ?  C.  americana  Pr.  Bonap.  —  Anas  Clangula  Wils.  Amer.  Orn.  |  5.  C.  albeola  (Linn.)  Steph.  PI.  enl.  948. — Anas  bucephala 
pi.  67. f.  6.  J  Linn.  Wils.  Amer.  Orn.  pi.  67.  f-  2.  3. ;  Anas  rustica  Linn. 
Harelda  Leach.* 
Bill  much  shorter  than  the  head,  broader  than  high  at  the  base ;  the  culmen  gradually  sloping  towards 
the  apex,  where  it  is  somewhat  depressed  ;  the  sides  compressed  and  membranous,  and  gradually  con- 
tracting to  the  tip,  which  is  armed  with  a  broad  nail ;  the  lamella?  of  the  upper  mandible  prominent  and 
widely  set ;  and  the  nostrils  large,  oblong,  and  placed  near  the  middle.  Wings  moderate,  with  the  two 
first  quills  the  longest.  Tail  wedge-shaped,  with  the  two  middle  feathers  narrowed  and  much  lengthened. 
Tarsi  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  middle  toe,  and  compressed.  Toes  lengthened,  and  united  by  a 
full  web  ;  the  hind  toe  short  and  strongly  lobed. 
The  species  is  a  native  of  all  parts  of  the  Arctic  circle,  but  migrates  to  the  more  temperate  regions  on  the  approach  of 
winter.  These  migrations  are  performed  in  vast  flocks,  and  their  flight  is  very  swift  and  low,  consisting  of  but  short 
excursions  at  a  time.  They  are  invariably  seen  on  the  sea  shore,  where  they  are  continually  diving  for  their  food,  which 
consists  of  small  molluscous  animals  and  Crustacea.  The  nest  is  formed  on  the  sea  shore,  of  grass  and  such  other  soft 
materials  as  they  can  find  in  the  neighbourhood,  and  lined  with  down  plucked  from  their  own  bodies.  The  female 
deposits  from  eight  to  ten  eggs. 
1.  H.  glacialis  (Linn.)  Leach,  PI.  enl.  1008.  999-  Wils.  Amer.  I  Anas  leucocephala  Bechst. ;  Querquedula  ferroensis  Briss.  ;  Anas 
Orn.pl.  70. f.  1.  2.  ;  Anas  hyemalis  Linn.  ;  Anas  miclonia  Bodd.;  |  Sawka  Lepech  ;  Anas  brachyrhynchus  Beseke. 
Hymenolaimus  G.  R.  Gray.-f 
Bill  as  long  as  the  head,  equally  compressed,  elevated  at  the  base,  with  the  culmen  for  three  fourths 
of  its  length  straight,  and  then  slightly  sloping  to  the  tip ;  the  sides  shelving  from  the  culmen  to  the 
lateral  margins,  of  which  the  basal  half  is  firm,  and  furnished  with  lengthened  slender  laminae  ;  the 
apical  half  of  the  margin  composed  of  a  soft  flexible  skin  that  hangs  over  the  lower  mandible,  widening 
towards  the  tip,  where  it  is  truncate,  and  the  nail  not  very  prominent ;  the  nostrils  situated  near  the 
middle,  and  oval.  Wings  short,  slender,  with  the  first,  second,  and  third  quills  nearly  equal,  but  the 
second  is  the  longest,  and  the  shoulder  is  armed  with  a  short  blunt  spur.  Tail  lengthened,  and  composed 
of  broad  feathers,  with  the  end  rather  rounded.  Tarsi  nearly  as  long  as  the  middle  toe,  exclusive  of  the 
claw ;  the  fore  toes  strong  and  fully  webbed,  and  the  hind  toe  moderate  and  strongly  lobed. 
•  Noticed  by  Mr.  Stephens  (Shaws  Zool.xii.  11.  p.  174.)  in  1824;  M.  Kaup  proposed,  in  1829,  Payonetta  ;  and,  in  1842,  Mr.  Mac- 
gillivray  used  Cri/monessa. 
f  Established  in  1843.  (Ann  Xat.  Hist.  p.  xi.  370.) 
