PELECANIXyE. 
27.  G.  mystacalis  (Less.)  Tr.  d'Orn.  p.  604. 
28.  G.  melanogaster  (Less.)  Tr.  d'Orn.  p.604. 
29.  G.  sarmientonus  (King),  Proc.  Z.  S.  1830.  p.  30. 
30.  G.  penicillatus  (Brandt),  Bull.  Sci.  Acad.  Imp.  Petersb. 
iii.  55. 
31.  G.  cincinatus  (Brandt),  Bull.  S.  Ac.  Imp.  Petersb.  iii.  p.  55. 
32.  G.  purpurascens  (Brandt),  Bull.  Sci.  Acad.  Imp.  Petersb.  iii. 
p.  56. 
33.  ?  G.fuscescens  (Vieill.)  Ency.  Me'th.  341. 
34.  ?  G.  albidus  Pall.  Zoogr.  ii.  p.  305. 
Pelecanus  Linn.* 
Bill  very  long,  straight  ;  the  culmen  rounded  at  the  base,  and  flat  towards  the  tip,  which  is  strongly 
armed  with  an  acute,  compressed,  strong  hook ;  the  sides  slightly  enlarging  towards  the  tip  ;  the  lower 
mandible  broader  at  the  base  than  the  upper,  and  becoming  slender  towards  the  tip  ;  the  nostrils  basal, 
lateral,  linear,  placed  in  the  lateral  groove  longitudinally,  and  hardly  visible.  Wings  moderate,  with 
the  second  quill  the  longest,  and  the  secondaries  nearly  equalling  the  quills.  Tail  short  and  rounded. 
Tarsi  the  length  of  the  outer  toe,  strong,  compressed,  and  covered  with  reticulated  scales.  Toes  long, 
the  middle  one  longer  than  the  outer,  and  all  four  united  by  a  full  web.  The  lower  mandible  is 
furnished  beneath,  from  the  base  to  near  the  tip,  with  a  naked  membrane,  capable  of  great  extension,  and 
advancing  some  way  down  the  throat. 
These  large  birds  are  scattered  over  the  world,  even  in  the  northern  parts  of  America,  as  far  as  61°.  They  live 
indifferently  upon  rivers,  in  lakes,  or  on  the  sea  coast.  In  the  morning  and  evening  they  are  seen  in  small  flocks  of  six 
to  fourteen  individuals,  engaged  in  fishing  until  then-  pou?h  is  sufficiently  filled ;  they  then  retire  to  the  most  solitary  or 
insulated  retreat  among  the  rocks  and  shoals,  or  doze  on  the  surface  of  the  water,  while  leisurely  digesting  their  freshly 
caught  meal.  Occasionally  they  skim  the  surface  of  the  water,  or  balance  themselves  in  the  air  at  a  moderate  elevation, 
and  then  pounce  headlong  on  their  prey.  It  has  been  remarked,  that  they  occasionally  capture  their  prey  by  uniting 
into  large  flocks,  and  encircling  a  piece  of  water,  beating  with  their  wings  near  the  surface,  until  the  affrighted  fish  are 
driven  into  a  small  space,  and  deprived  of  all  means  of  escape.  Their  flight  is  generally  low,  and  heavily  performed  in 
a  waving  and  almost  serpentine  course,  though  sometimes  it  is  very  elevated.  They  deposit  their  eggs  on  the  rocks, 
sometimes  in  an  excavation,  near  the  water  or  on  the  banks  of  cascades,  generally  choosing  places  the  most  difficult 
of  access ;  and  lay  from  two  to  four  eggs. 
1.  P.  Onocrotalus  (Linn.)  PI.  enl.  87.,  Licbt.  Abhandl.  Akad. 
Wiss.  Berl.  1838.  436.  t.  3.  f.  1.  —  Pelecanus  roseus  Eversm.  ; 
Onocrotalus  Phoenix  Less. 
2.  P.  philippensis  Gmel.  Sonn.  Voy.  p.  Ql.  t.  54.,  PI.  enl.  965.  — 
Pelecanus  roseus  Gmel.  ;  P.  manillensis  Gmel.  Sonn.  Voy.  t.  53.  ; 
P.  javanicus  Horsf. 
3.  P.  mitratus  Licht.  Abhandl.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berl.  1838.  436.  t.  3. 
f.2. 
4.  P.  trachyrhynchus  Lath.  Licht.  Abhandl.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berl. 
1838.  t.  3.  f.  5. —  Pelecanus  erythrorhynchus  Gmel.  Shaw,  Lev. 
Mus.  pi.  p.  209. ;  P.  amei  icanus  Audub.  B.  of  Amer.  t.  311.;  P. 
Onocrotalus  Pr.  Bonap. ;  P.  brachydactylus  Licht. 
5.  P.  crispus  Bruch,  Isis,  1832.  1109-,  Licht.  Abhandl.  Akad. 
Wiss.  Berl.  1 838.  t.  3.  f.  4.  —  Pelecanus  Onocrotalus  Pall. 
6.  P.  rufescens  Gmel.  Abhandl.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berl.  1838.  t.  3.  f. 
3.,  Riipp.  Atlas,  t.  21.  ;  P.  cristatus  Less.  ? 
7.  P.  conspicillatus  Tcmm.  PI.  col.  276.  —  Pelecanus  australis 
Steph. 
8.  V.fuscus  Linn.  PI.  enl.  957.,  Vieill.  Gal.  des  Ois.  t.  276., 
Audub.  B.  of  Amer.  pi.  251.  421.  — Pelecanus  carolinensis  Gmel. 
Licht.  Abhandl.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berl.  1838.  t.  3.  f.  6.  ;  Onocrotalus 
Hernandezii  Wagl. 
9.  P.  Molince  G.  R.  Gray.  ■ —  Pelecanus  thagus  Mol.  ? 
10.  P.  minor  Riipp.  Mus.  Senkenberg.  1837-  p.  186. 
*  Established  by  Linna;us  in  1735  (Systema  Natures).    It  embraces  Onocrotalus  of  Mcehring  (1752),  and  of  Wagler  (1832). 
