GARDEN AND PLEASURE-GROUND WALKS. 



63 



at least double that of the approach. Some idea of what is meant will be gathered from 

 the illustration on page 54. 



It is of the greatest importance that the gradients be made as easy as possible ; this, 

 in many instances, necessitating a considerable amount of levelling, excavating, or 

 sinking the walks or roads in some places, and filling up in others. This work cannot 

 be done satisfactorily without the use of levelling instruments, more especially borning- 

 rods, a straight-edge, and spirit-level. Illustrations of these inexpensive appliances, 



Fig. 31. CuEviNG Walk theouqh Pleasure Geouxi 



with instructions how to use them, will be given in the chapter on Lawns and 

 Grass Plots, and they will, therefore, be only briefly alluded to now. Commence 

 by deciding what points shall be the highest ground level, and from these further 

 levels may be sighted, or, if the ground necessitates it, there may be easy rises or 

 falls from these points. Due regard must be paid to the imperative need for perfect 

 drainage, and it is at the lowest points where, naturally enough, the water is most 

 liable to collect. There should be no lower side to walks, or drives — they must be level, 



