6 9 



Cost per ioo gallons : — - 



Rosin Compound - $ 0.70 $ 0.91 



Rosin Wash 1.29 1.90 



Rosin & Whale Oil Soap Compound 1.47 2.15 



Kerosene Emulsion (Hard Soap) 1.87 2.87 



Whale Oil Soap (strong) - 4,50 10.00 



Kerosene Emulsion (soft soap) - 22.40 35 .20 



Tobacco and Soap - 1.00 



These washes vary in ease of preparation and in keeping quality. 

 They can be made, on a small scale, in empty kerosene tins, 

 enough stock solution being thus made in one tin to make 30 or 

 more gallons of wash when made up to the full amount. In making 

 Kerosene Emulsion with hard soap, water containing lime should 

 not be used, as the oil will separate out in the surface making the 

 emulsion ; rain water or soft water is necessary in this case and is 

 preferable for all washes. In selecting a mixture, it would usually 

 be better to choose one of which the ingredients could be easily 

 obtained. But, if a large area is to be sprayed, as in spraying lime 

 or orange trees, it would be well to import the materials on a large 

 scale and then the most efficacious wash could be chosen. The 

 strengths of these washes are intended for plants whose foliage is 

 not very tender or delicate. Many plants, such as palms, would 

 bear much stronger washes ; on the other hand, very delicate plants 

 might suffer from a too liberal application. The strength of these 

 mixtures may be varied considerably and they should be made 

 weaker for very delicate plants. 



Application of Poisons. 



The liquid preparations are best applied with a spraying machine, 

 but a brush or good syringe may be used for small plants. The 

 object to be attained is to uniformly wet the affected parts with the 

 liquid ; a fine spray like a mist usually does this best, and only a 

 good spraying machine is capable of giving such a spray. Many 

 kinds of spraying machines are now in use and can be obtained 

 from the makers, or from firms dealing in gardening implements. 

 A spraying machine consists essentially of a reservoir containing 

 wash, a small pump, and a length of india-rubber hose, terminating 

 in a nozzle that will give a spray of varying fineness. The success 

 of the treatment depends largely on the nozzle and a thoroughly 

 reliable one is that known as the " Bordeaux " or Seneca " nozzle. 

 The india-rubber tubing does not last long in the tropics and a 

 spare length should be obtained with the machine. Spraying 

 machines are, as a rule, made of copper or brass, "as they are not 

 then affected by the constituents of the wash used. Two forms of 

 machines are generally used. The smaller are known as " Knap- 

 sack " machines and can easily be carried strapped to the shoulder-. 

 They are so made that one man can operate the pump and also 

 direct the nozzle whilst walking with the machine on his back. 

 Such machines will hold about 4 gallons of wash. Larger machines 

 are fitted into a barrel, which acts as a reservoir, and the barrel is 

 carried on a light iron truck with two wheels. These machine-- 



