methods of grafting but the aim is the same in all cases, and that 

 is to effect complete unity between the two parts, scion and stock. 

 The most common methods practised in England are known as 

 whip, cleft, wedge, and saddle grafting, but in the East I have seen 

 only one and that is grafting by approach, and which is also known 

 as inarching. It is the most certain method and best suited for 

 unskilled hands, and also I think for a climate which has no very 

 decided seasons, but is a slow and tedious operation as compared 

 to some of the others. The trouble and consequent slowness of 

 this method is owing to the fact that the scion must be brought in 

 contact with the stock and kept in that position until unity is 

 effected before being severed from the parent plant, and in order 

 to effect this it is necessary that the stocks be grown in pots or 

 else planted quite close to the plant from which the graft is to be 

 taken. This latter is practicable in the case of roses and largely 

 practised in India, but in the case of fruit trees it involves not only 

 growing the stocks in pots but an arrangement of staging and the 

 labour of watering during a considerable period. 



The mode of operation is to remove from one side of the stock 

 a portion of the bark and wood, and from the scion a correspond- 

 ing portion, as nearly as possible of the same size and shape. The 

 two cut surfaces are then placed in contact and tightly bandaged. • 

 When these have united the scion is severed from the parent tree 

 at a point a little below the tie and henceforth draws its nourish- 

 ment from the stock. By all the other methods mentioned the 

 scion is completely severed from the parent tree in the first instance 

 and transferred direct to the stock and fitted according to one or 

 other of the processes referred to as whip, saddle &c. After being 

 carefully tied in position, air and moisture is excluded by a coating 

 of clay or grafting wax. In a few experiment made here with these 

 methods the results have not been encouraging and I therefore 

 advise the inexperienced to stick to the grafting by approach 

 method which though comparatiely slow and tedious is sure. 



Buds. 



The object of budding is much the same as grafting and both 

 methods are sometimes used for the same kind of plant; the latter 

 being performed generally in the early spring when the sap is 

 rising, and the former towards the end of summer, but while the 

 sap is still running freely. Unless the latter condition prevails so 

 that the bark separates freely from the wood, budding cannot be 

 successfully performed. One advantage of budding over grafting 

 is that in case of necessity every eye can be utilised and more 

 plants of a given kind produced from a limited number of shoots. 

 As in grafting, there is more than one way of budding but the 

 most general and satisfactory is that termed T-budding, or Shield- 

 budding. To explain this to the uninitiated without illustrations 

 is a little difficult but the process is the insertion of a single eye, 

 from the plant it is desired to propagate, between the bark and 

 the wood of the one it is intended to use as a stock, and when it 

 has " taken " to cut back the branch or stem of the stock on which 



