PECULATION. 



165 



class is at once under- salaried and over-trusted. 

 The Jemadar advances money upon usuiy to liis 

 men ; he keeps them six months in arrears, and 

 not a few of them never see the colour of Go- 

 vernment coin from the year's beginning to the 

 end. He exacts perquisites from all who fear 

 his hate and who need his aid ; and he falsifies 

 the muster-rolls impudently and with impunity, 

 giving 25 names to perhaps foiu' men. Thus, 

 like the Turkish Colonel of Nizam, the Jemadar 

 lives in great state. He has a wife or two, and 

 perhaps a dozen slaves ; he sports a fine coat of 

 scarlet broadcloth, a silver-hilted sword and dag- 

 ger, and a turban of rich silk. He keeps flocks 

 of sheep and goats, and he trades with the in- 

 terior for ivory and captives. Such has been, 

 such is, and such ever will be till Europe steps 

 in, that false economy which throughout the 

 'East,' from Stambul to Japan, grasps the 

 penny and flings away the pound. It is a state 

 inseparable from the conditions of society and of 

 government, where public servants are not paid, 

 they must, of com^se, pay themselves ; and they 

 often prefer the latter mode, as they pay them- 

 selves far better than they would otherwise be 

 paid. About a century ago we did the same 

 thing in India, where men amassed fortunes, and 



