APPENDIX I. 



411 



that of Unyamwezi is charged $14 for 36 lbs. ; Mombasah, 

 Lamu, and Kilwa, $4 ; the Pangani and Tanga countries 

 $8, and Somaliland only $2. In the African animal the 

 female's tusk is often lonorer and thicker than in the lonor- 

 legged variety of India and Ceylon. At the Cape of Good 

 Hope, where the land is poor, the elephant may reach 

 twelve feet, whilst northwards, where forage abounds, the 

 average is three feet shorter, whilst the tusks are, 

 according to travellers, much bulkier than in the taller 

 beast. This may be explained by the more regular 

 development of the defences where the animal is undis- 

 turbed by man. Ivory grows as long as its owner grows. 

 At Zanzibar they declare that the animal which bears 

 monster tusks is not, as might be expected, of mammoth 

 stature : it is a moderate-sized beast, high in the forehand, 

 and sloping away behind, like a hyaena. We have found 

 it necessary to preserve our elephants in Ceylon, but 

 in Africa the grounds extend from 1^. lat. 10" to S. lat. 

 25'^, and clean across the Continent. There is no present 

 fear of the market wanting supply : the annual deaths 

 of over 100,000 would be a mere trifle considering the 

 extent of country over which the herds roam. 



Zanzibar exports her produce to the four quarters of 

 the world as follows : 



Europe and the United States take cocoa, Kopra (dried 

 meat of the nut), cocoa-nut oil, and orchilla ; copal, ivor^', 

 cloves and stems, hippopotamus' teeth, tortoise-shell, and 

 a little ambergris ; cowries, hides, goat-skins, horns, gums, 

 beeswax, and valuable woods in small quantities. The 

 exports to France are chiefly sesamum and Kopra. There 

 is no direct trade with Great Britain. Vessels from the 

 United States usually touch, before going home, at Aden 

 and Maskat, where they fill up with coflee and dates. 



