1914] English : The Fernando Group near Newhall, California 205 



which overlie the Modelo formation (Miocene) except the flat-lying 

 (Quaternary) stream-terrace gravels. He mapped the shaly beds in 

 Elsmere Canon as Vaqueros, and in the text speaks of their having 

 a typical Vaqueros fauna. His age determination was, however, prob- 

 ably based chiefly on lithologic similarity to beds a few miles to the 

 west in the Santa Susana Mountains, which he mapped as Vaqueros 

 because of their lithologic similarity to and apparent structural con- 

 tinuity with beds still farther west containing Vaqueros fossils. He 

 describes an unconformity in Elsmere Canon between the Fernando 

 gravels and the underlying so-called Vaqueros sandstone. This uncon- 

 formity is discussed later. In the same bulletin, the palaeontologic 

 work for which was prepared by Ralph Arnold, there is given a list 

 of fossils from Elsmere Canon, which are considered to be of Fernando 

 age. 



In 1910 R. B. Moran made a collection of fossils in Elsmere Canon. 

 In a paper read before the Palaeontological Society of the Pacific 

 Coast he considered the fauna to be of Monterey age because of the 

 presence in it of certain species which he believed to be characteristic 

 of that horizon. 



ELSMERE CANON AREA 



This area, which includes only a few square miles, is about three 

 miles southeast of the town of Newhall, which is situated on the line 

 of the Southern Pacific Railroad thirty miles northwest of Los Angeles. 

 This and the other areas discussed in this paper are shown on the 

 Santa Susana and San Fernando sheets of the government topographic 

 maps, and on the geologic map accompanying Bulletin 309 of the 

 Geological Survey. Elsmere Canon lies on the extreme northwest 

 flank of the San Gabriel Range, just east of the San Fernando Pass, 

 which separates the San Gabriel Range from its westward continua- 

 tion, the Santa Susana Range. The canon, which is about three miles 

 long, runs in a northwest direction to Elsmere Ridge, where it turns 

 to the north and enters the rather broad, alluvium-floored Santa 

 Clara River Valley. The general elevation of the Santa Clara River 

 Valley is here about 1200 feet, and the highest point in the San 

 Gabriel Range in this immediate vicinity is about 3500 feet. 



Nearly the whole of the San Gabriel Range consists of a complex 

 of granitic rocks and schists probably not younger than Jurassic in 



