487 



infesting" orange trees in Florida. The trees bore very few scale 

 insects, till they were thoroughly sprayed with Bordeaux mixture 

 when they immediately began to increase owing to the parasitic fungi 

 being destroyed by the Bordeaux mixture and the trees were finally 

 badly attacked. Similar trees near by which were not sprayed were 

 as free from scale as before. The principle of infecting the trees 

 infested by scale with the suitable fungi has been found successful 

 in combating the pests, and three methods of so doing have been 

 adopted. The first is to spray the infected trees with spores and 

 portions of mycelium of the fungus. This is done by stirring up 

 leaves well infected by the fungus for ten to fifteen minutes in water, 

 so that about forty fructifications are mixed with a pint of water. 

 The liquid is then strained through a fine wire mesh or coarse 

 muslin, and sprayed on the trees, as finely as possible. This has 

 been found the most effective way. 



The second method is to tie infected material in the trees so that 

 the spores of the fungus may come in contact with the scales. This 

 has proved very successful also. The third method consists of plant- 

 ing among the trees to be infected small trees bearing the parasitic 

 fungi so that the spores may spread from one to the other. 



The Coccidac are not as a rule so destructive in the Malay 

 Peninsula as they are elsewhere, but occasionally are very abundant 

 and injurious. No attempt has been made yet in this region to study 

 their parasitic fungi, but we may hope that our mycologists will 

 devote some time to this subject, in order that in case of attacks we 

 may be able to deal with them. The greatest attention seems to have 

 been paid to the scale attacking limes and oranges in the West 

 Indies and Florida, and these plants are worse attacked her ethan any 

 other. 



The whole paper from which these notes are taken (published 

 in the West Indian Bulletin Vol by i. p. by Mr. F. W. South) 

 is one of considerable interest and well worth study.— Ed. 



COTTON IN GERMAN EAST AFRICA. 



We have received from the Kolunial Wortschaftliches Komitcc 

 of Berlin an excellent account of the cultivation of cotton in the 

 German Colonies (Anleitung fur die Baumwolkultur in den Deuts- 

 chen Kolonien) by Prof, Dr. A. Zimmermann. The work, though not 

 a very large one, is very rich in important information and is very 

 well illustrated and treats in a compact way of the varieties, cultiva 

 tion, preparation, returns, markets, value and use of the seed, and 

 the diseases. Of animal pests the author records 258 kinds ranging 

 from the hippopotamus to coccids and celworms. The number of 

 Hemiptera as pests is very large. Upwards of eighty fungi arc 



