80 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



The Oharrs, or Salvelini, form a strongly marked group, which has 

 several times been distinguished as generically or subgenerically differ- 

 ent from the true Salmons. The absence of teeth on the shaft of the 

 vomer has been the character most usually relied on to distinguish the 

 Charrs. A more importaut character is, however, seen in the form of the 

 bone, which is boat-shaped, with the shaft short and depressed. The 

 Charrs are further distinguishable by the very small size of the scales, 

 and also by the coloration, they being always red-spotted, and. with the 

 lower fins peculiarly colored. 



No one who examines the skull of the Charr can doubt its generic 

 distinctness from Salmo. The question of the nomenclature of the 

 genu3 is a matter perhaps of some uncertainty. The group has long 

 been known as Salvelini, but that name was hardly given by Nilssou 

 in the usual generic or subgeneric sense, but merely as a plural noun 

 referring to an assemblage of species. 



In 1836, Kichardson used the name Salvelinus for the "subgenus" of 

 Charrs. The use of the name in nomenclature therefore dates from 

 Richardson. 



In 1842, DeKay founded his genus Baione on the young of one of the 

 species of Charr (S. fontinalis); Baione is therefore a synonym of Salve* 

 linus, although given under a different supposition. 



Somewhat later, the genus Umbla was proposed by Rapp for those 

 Salvelini which have teeth on the hyoid bone. As Salmo salvelinus L., 

 the presumable type of Sal relinks, has such teeth, Umbla probably is also 

 a mere synonym of Salvelinus. That the character of hyoid teeth is not 

 a generic one in this case is evident from the close relationship of such 

 species as S. oquassa and S. spectabilis, with hyoid teeth, with S.fonti- 

 nalis and S. bairdi, species destitute of such teeth. The teeth in S. spec- 

 tabilis and S. oquassa are too few and small for their absence or presence 

 to be a generic character. In the subgenus Salar, the case is precisely 

 the same. 



In 1807, Dr. Giiuther proposed a genus Hucho for the Salvelini with- 

 out hyoid teeth. The genua cannot stand on that basis, but neverthe- 

 less it appears to be valid, its type, Salmo hucho L. (Hucho germanorum 

 Giinther), being a Pike-like fish, very unlike, both in form and habits, 

 the genuine species of Salvelinus. The single known species of Hucho 

 as thus restricted, inhabits the Danube. 



The remaining subdivision of the old genus Salmo, for which the 

 name Cristivomer has been proposed by Dr. Gill and myself, is peculiar 

 to the lakes of the northern part of America. 



The relations of Cristivomer are entirely with Salvelinus, a fact which 

 has not hitherto been noticed. Its vomer differs, however, from that of 

 Salvelinus in being provided with a raised crest flush with the head or 

 chevron of the bone. This crest is posteriorly free from the vomer for 

 some distance, and is armed with a series of stout teeth. There is also 

 a strong band of hyoid teeth, the dentition generally being more com- 

 plete than in most other Salmons. 



