PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 321 



Trachydermon ruber. 



Chiton puniceus Couthouy (MS.). — Grid. Otia Conch, p. 5, 1846 (probably). 

 Leptochiton ruber H. & A. Adams, Gen. Eec. Moll, i, p. 473, 1854. 

 Chiton (Lcjndopleurus) ruber Jeffreys, Brit. Moll, iii, p. 210, 1885. 

 Trachydermon ruber Carpenter, Bull. Essex Inst, v, p. 153, 1873. 

 Boreochiton ruber G. O. Sars, Moll. Keg. Arc. Xorv. p. 116, t. 8, f. 4 a-1, t. II, f. 

 3 a-c (imperfect), June, 1878. 



Tr. t. mucrone inediano, satis elevato : intus, v. post. 9-11-, ant. 8-11-, 

 centr. 1-fiss. hevi; dent, interclmn solidioribus, interdum postice rugu- 

 losis; subgrundis modicis; sinu lato, planato; zona norniali; branchiis 

 submedianis. Lon. 25, Lat. 8 mm. 



Hab. — Northern seas, widely distributed ; whole coast of Xorway, low 

 water to 40 f. (Sars); Arctic and northern seas of Europe; Adriatic? 

 (Olm!) ; Spitzbergen, Iceland and Greenland, Xew England, Gulf of St. 

 Lawrence and Labrador coasts ; Tartary (Lischke); Kamchatka; aud in 

 Alaska from the Pribiloff Islands westward to Attu and southward to 

 Sitka, low water to 80 fathoms, on stones and shells; probably also to 

 Bering Strait northward. Two hundred specimens examined. ? Orange 

 Harbor, Patagonia, as C. puniceus. 



This shell is apparently smooth, as described by Forbes and Hanley, 

 but under a high power appears finely reticulated, as observed by Jef- 

 freys. Its color is very variable, being usually marbled red and whitish, 

 like Tonicella marmorea, but the valves may be uniform dark red or nearly 

 pure white. I have one specimen with the four central valves dark red 

 and the rest white; one valve in a specimen is often dark red, while all 

 the others are marbled. It is most likely to be confounded with Toni- 

 cella marmorea and some varieties of T. Uneata, both of which have 

 leathery girdles, while this species can almost always be determined by 

 its farinaceous girdle, dusted with alternate red and whitish patches, the 

 latter nearly opposite the sutures. 



The identity or locality of Dr. Gould's specimen, described as C. puni- 

 ceus Couthouy, and supposed by Dr. Carpenter to be probably the same 

 as our northern species, seems questionable. 



This species has been much confused by European authors, who have 

 persisted in referring the Linnean name to T. marmorea Fabr., and resur- 

 recting the indeterminate figure of Pennant for this species, though Mr. 

 Hanley has determined the identity of the Linnean specimen with this 

 species, and he did not possess the marmorea. The synonymy here quoted 

 is only such as certainly belongs to this species. 



Though not collected in a fresh state by me north of the Pribiloff Island s. 

 I have little doubt that broken valves found in bird-dung at Plover Bay, 

 near Bering Strait, are properly referable to this species. It is one of 

 the most abundant Alaskan Chitons, and grows to the length of an inch. 



The gill-rows extend forward for three-quarters the length of the foot, 

 each row containing twenty to twenty-five branchiae The mantle-edge 

 is very narrow and plain; there is no veil, and the muzzle is plain, some- 

 Proc. Nat. Mus. 78 21 Tvh. 14, IS 70. 



