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Animal. Soft, furnished with a head, most fre- MOLLUSC A. — UNIVALVES. ' «** Co mp „ sedof 



ar^'aisposed'-V,,' \eZ of"' '< nionot^Bodf 



" ' . I'l'ifi * She1 '' DIVIDED INTO FIVE ORDERS, 



hut generally having an external shell. 



l.PTEROPODA. 



2. GASTEROPODA. 





3. TRACHELIPODA. 



4. CEPHALOPODA. 



Animal. Having 

 no feet, but 

 two opposite 

 [in-, adapted to 

 swimming. 



,S7«-//. Thin; car- 

 horny. 



^wimoZ. Foot united to 

 nearly the whole length 

 of the body, and .1-, ,1 

 for crawling. Body 

 straight, never spiral. 



V, ,/. i llher eup-haped. 



or sli-IUly rolled up ; in 



Animal. F 

 Shell.^Spir 



jot attached to the neck, and used for crawling. Part of the body spiral, and 

 eloped in a shell. 



1, and the mouth either entire at the base, notched, or channelled. 



S mous ^ lther t Polythala- 



PHYTOPHAGA. 

 Animal. Feeding on vegetable substances, and being 



ilher m He. or terrestrial 



Shell. Aperture entire. 



ZOOPHAGA. 

 Animal. Feeding on animal substances 



SA°"/. y A a p^n^ 



H^te«,^/oJno 



LimacinaXym- 



,'/"'";.«"' "(ni, 

 shell). 



Eight Families. 

 1.Tritonid*:.( No shell.) 



ULtucus. Both, Tri- 



Ionia, Scull. ci. Te- 



thys, Doris. 

 •:. Dim amu/e. (SAeH 



tubular, open al 1 i 



end..) /J, /„/„,„,. 

 3. PlIVLLIDIIliE. ( SAt'K 



shaped piece.,,,- with 



uieV.ark ) \'>h,',lli,ica 

 (no shell). (V/,/,.„,7- 



/"V. t '// ''/.'■ P, 11,11,1. 



Siphoimr/a. 

 1. Si miimivm.ii.mu-:. ,S7„7/ 

 cup-shaped, but very 

 &sA.-)PleHrol,r„„eh„s 

 Umbrella. 



5. Calyptr.emu < ,S7„7/ 



cup-shaped, though 

 irregularly sn ; -moo 

 j genera with inlen.nl 

 pieces.) Par,,,. ./,/,„- 

 r»*. Kmargmni.,. 

 Fissurclla. Cr ,/m/,,/,,, 

 Va/ii/ih.cu. llpppo- 



6. BullWe. 7 ''"*' (Shell 



S Ac S efa y ( r n',"!-l,!!||',! 

 Bullosa, Bulla. 



7. Apl\sii>,e. (Shell 



nearly Hat and 1 1, in. , 

 Apl,/sh,. Do/a/,,-//,,. 



8. LlMACIWE. (.S7„ //verv 



slightly rolled, ,re,,p- 

 shaped.) II, „ ■/,/,/ „"„, 

 (no shell), /.,,„„,, 

 Parmacell,,. Testa - 

 cella, Vitrina. 



Ten Families. 

 1. CoLiMAcmiE. (Shell spiral, no projecting parts. 

 The right lip often recurved outwards, globular 

 ,,r luriet.,1, and generallv thill. Terrestrial. 1 

 Helix, Cnroro/la. .hiasloma. He/,,-,,,,,. I',,/,,,. 

 Clans,//,,. Bui, mas, A. 1ml, ml. Sueaa, „.J„,;, „/„. 



Cjclostoma. 



C. I v> i ii. i > ' hin. -ni,„, ih ! i 



whix. riiiri.ii', Bi/muea. Anei/liis. 

 3. M r.LAMli.l t.S7,,// turreted,' lip- disunited ; right 



lip sharp Fluvial il, . M, I If,./, 

 1 Pi in-mmiM:. {Shell conoid, or rather discoid, 



lips Ulllt.nl ; shell rather thin. P'lmiatile ) lal- 

 vain. Pa/„, //,„,. Ampullar,,,. Ampul!/, ecru. 



■'■ Nehiti i ..I: . IS/,.// -onii-gl ,l,,r. ..r rather Hat; 



lell lip r, -eml.ling a partniun. like Hie doel, of a 

 b,.at. FhiviaHle and marine.) Navicella, Neri- 



<i. .Iini'iiinId:'. ' "(Shell thin,' of a violet colour; 

 mouth tri.inLMtlar. Marine.: ,/„„//,.„„. 



7. llA,n;osTo5iii.i,. (,S7„7/ ear-shaped, flat; mouth 



very largt ; lip- di-unifed. Marine.) Sm.ieel,,.. 

 Shmmlell,.. SI, .,„„!,„. II,,!!,,/,:. 



8. Plicacilve. Shell with the left lip plaited, right 



sharp. Marine.) Tornatella, Melampus, Pyra- 



9. Scai iRiDiE. (Shell with whorls sometimes not 



ton. -lung, hps eh-euia. Iv united. Marine.) Ver- 

 mrfMs, Magilus, Leptoconchus, Scalaria, Bissoa, 



10. TuranriM; ' (Shell turreted, conical, or pyra- 

 midal -ni, -lan.-e thicker than the Colimacida? ; 



.1,1 I, 1, 



Sola,-,,,,,, /,;,/,■//„. Treehm.. !/,,„, „/,.„,„. r„rl, , 

 Planaxis, PhasianeUa, Turritella. 



Five Families. 



11. CANALIFERIDiE. (1st Division. ,S7„ // 



with a canal, more or less long, at 

 ih I i , ih .il, 

 thickened. Marine.) tee,//,,,,,,,, 

 Pleurotoma. Turbinella. Camvl- 

 laria, fat.*, la. rm.ii:.. 1',/riila. 

 (2d Division. Right lip thickened.) 

 Struthiolaria, Bane/la, Mare.e. 

 Triton. 



12. I'TEiiuui. (S/,,-11 having the right 



lip dilated in ll„. a, loll, either in 

 one piece, or divided into fingers ; 

 a sinus at the lower part of the 

 mouth. Marine.) Rostellaria, 

 Pteroceras, Slrombus. 



13. PuRi-URiD.-E. (Shell with a short 



cards the back, or a notch ; gene- 

 ral!, globular; left lip often spotted 

 or rough. Marine.) Cass/i/urta, 

 Oniscia, Cassis, llichrula. Pur- 

 pura. Mouo.eras. I. ,,„,/„./.,.,, . 

 llarpii, i)„t, a.m. 11, ice, „,„„. \„s,,„. 

 Ebitrmi, Terebra. 



14. Columellidze. ( Shell notched only. 



[.ell lip plaited dislinclh . Marine.) 

 Columlnila. Mil,;,, /,,/«/</, Melo. 

 (■„,„/„,. Mare, mi/a. 1 o/naria. 



15. Convolution. (Shell notched, 



whorls large, compressed, the last 

 nearly or quite covering the whole 

 of the rest. Marine.) Cyprcea, 

 l,u,/ 

 laria, Oliva, Conus. 



Three Divisions. 

 1st. Polythalama. 

 (SMI divided into cham- 

 bers.) Bcler„„;i^ „,. 

 tl'oeeras, Spin,/,,, . v ,„„. 



>.i'i'"l'i.i. („,. 

 7,7,'/'-?' Tttnms - V "- 

 2d. Monothalama. 

 (Shell not divided into 

 chambers.) Argonauta. 

 3d. No shell. 

 Octopus, Loligopsis, Loligo, 



Ciinnuri.i. .m 



