Order II. PASSEKES. 
Tribe IV. Conirostres. 
Family 11. Corvid^. 
The second Subfamily, 
GARRULIN.E, or Jays, 
have the Bill moderate, strong, laterally compressed, and the culmen straight, but suddenly curved 
near the tip, which is emarginated ; the Xostrils generally concealed by projecting plumes ; the Wings 
moderate and rounded ; the Tail of various length, graduated or rounded ; the Tarsi moderate and 
much scuteUated ; and the Toes long and strongly scaled. 
LOPHOCITTA.* 
Bill moderate, much compressed on the sides, with the culmen slightly arched and elevated at the 
base, and the tip curved and emarginated ; the gape furnished with lengthened bristles ; the nostrils 
basal, lateral, sunk in a deep groove, with the opening oval. Wings moderate and rounded, with the 
fifth, sixth, and seventh quills nearly equal and longest. Tail moderate and rounded. Tarsi 
moderate, longer than the middle toe, and strongly scaled. Toes short, strongly scutellated, the lateral 
ones equal, and the hind toe and claw longer than the middle toe ; the claws of all acute. 
The Indian Archipelago is the habitat of the species which constitutes the type of this division. Its habits and 
manners are at present unknown. 
L. galericulata (Cuv.) Le Vaill. Ois. tie Par. t. 42. — Lanius scapulatus Licht. ; Lanius coronatus Raffl. ; Vanga cristata Griff. 
An. Kingd. 1. pi. p. 486. 
Garrull'S Briss.\ 
Bill strong, shorter than the head, compressed on the sides, with the culmen nearly straight, but 
suddenly curved near the tip, which is sliglitly emarginated ; the gonys equally convex mth the end 
of the upper mandible, and ascending ; the lateral margins straight ; the nostrils basal, lateral, and 
hidden by the short bristly frontal plumes. Wings rounded, with the fourth, fifth, and sixth quills 
nearly equal and longest. Tail generally moderate, and nearly even at its end. Tarsi longer than the 
middle toe, and scutellated. Toes strong and much scutellated, with the outer toe longer than the 
inner ; the hind toe long and strong ; the claws stout and slightly curved. 
The Jays are peculiar to tlic Old "World, and are usually found in pairs or small societies in forests, or wherever 
trees are located together, preferring the closest and thickest parts, as they are very arboreal in their habits, liopping 
actively from branch to branch. It is on the trees that these birds find most of their food, which consists of various 
* The above name was given by me ( 1 8-10) in the place of Plutylopliuti (1 837) of Mr. Swainson, as the hnter had bean previously em ployed, 
t Establishevl by Brisson (Oniithuhyi)-) in 176"0. It appears to embrace Pudocrs of .M. Fischer (1823). 
