GARlJULTNiE. 
fruits and seeds ; but they also visit cultivated grounds and orchards for the fruits and certain vegetables to which they 
are partial. Tliey sometimes suck the eggs of birds in their nests ; and even young birds do not escape them, esi)ecially 
those that are feeble and sickly, in preying upon which, they place them under their feet, and with their bills tear them 
to pieces, swallowing each piece separately. The imitations of quadrupeds as well as birds, which are practised by 
the common species, are most exact and ludicrous. Their nest is composed of sticks, lined with fibrous roots of plants, 
and is usually placed in the most unfrequented parts of the forest. The eggs are generally from five to six in number. 
1. G. ylandarius {L'mn.) PI. enl. 481., Gould's B. Eur. pi. 214. | 4. G. ornatus Gray, Illustrations of Ind. Zool. pi. — Garrulus 
2. G. atrkapillus Geoffr. Garrulus melanocephalus Bonelli, bispecularis Vigors,] Proc. Z. S. 1 830. 7., Gould's Cent, of Birds, 
Mem. Acad. Turin, xxxvii. 298. t. 1. ! pL 38. 
3. G. gularis Gray, 111. Ind. Zool. pi. — Garrulus lanceolatus | 5. G.? Panderi (Yizch.) Mem. de la Soc. Imp. Mosc. vi. t. 21. ; 
Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 18.S0. 7., Gould's Cent, of Birds, pi. 39, 40. ; Type of Podoces Fischer (1823). 
G. Vigorsii Gray, 111. Ind. Zool. pi. I 
Perisoreus Pr. Bonap.^ 
Bill short, with the base broad, the sides compressed, the culmen sloping to the tip which is slightly 
curved and emarginated, and the gonys rounded and ascending ; the nostrils basal, lateral, and hidden 
by the projecting basal plumes. Wings moderate, rounded, Avith the fourth, fifth, and sixth quills the 
longest. Tail moderate and rounded. Tarsi longer than the middle toe and scutellated. Toes 
moderate, with the outer toe longer than the inner : the hind toe long, and armed with a slightly curved 
claw. 
These birds inhabit the woods and forests of the most northern parts of Europe and North America, migrating to the 
south in very severe winters, but usually returning on the first appearance of more genial weather. The American 
species is generally seen in pairs or in small societies, in tha most solitary and pathless forests, flitting leisurely from 
branch to branch, and sometimes on the ground, keeping up a kind of low chattering with its fellows. They feed on 
black moss, worms, and even flesh : and are bold, entering habitations, and stealing whatever they can carry ofi^. Tiiey 
lay up for wintei-'s use hoards of their usual food, in hollow places or between the layers of the bark of decayed trees. 
The nest is built in pine trees, formed of sticks and grass, and they lay from two to three eggs. 
1. P. itifaitatus (Linn.) Pr. Bonap. Sparr. Mus. Carls, t. 76. — 
Corvus sibiricus Bodd. PI. tnl. 608., Le Vaill. Ois. de Parad. t. 
47 ; C. russicus Gmel. Gould's Birds of Euiope pi. 215. ; C. mimus 
PaU. 
2. P. canadensis (Linn.) Pr. Bonap. I'l. enl. 1,30.. 'Wils. Amer. 
Orn. pi. 21. f. 1. — Garrulus fuscus VieilL; Pica nuchalis Wuyl.; 
Coracias mcxicanus Temm. : Garrulus bracliyrliyncluis Siiaiiis. 
Faun. Bcr. Amer. pi. 55., Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 107. 
3. V. fcrrugineus (Bechst. ) Le \'aill. Ois. Par. t. 48. — Corvus 
canadensis Licht. } 
Cyanocorax Boie.^ 
Bill moderate, slightly compressed on the sides, Avith the culmen slightl}^ curved from the l);:so to tlie 
tip, which is scarcely emarginated ; the gonys gradually curved upwards toward the tip; the lateral 
margins shghtly curved ; the nostrils basal, lateral, and partly hidden by the projecting fronted i)lunics. 
* Establisbed by the Prince of Canino {Safig. Distr. Nat. Anim. Vert p. 43.) in 1831, and in ihe same vear Mr. Swainson proposed 
Dijsorvitina for the same birds. ' 
t This genus was estabbsbed by ^L Boie {!.,<) in 1S26'. In 1831, Mr. Swainson -,.ve ibis <iivision iho name of C<ia>i,n-ns. 
