These birds are fouuil in most parts of the globe. Some remain stationary \Yithin a certain district, while others 
migrate from place to place on the change of season. They are generally observed in flocks, in cultivated places, seeking 
carrion, or worms, grubs, caterpillars, small animals, and the eggs and young of birds, which they destroy in great 
numbers. Some species are more commonly noticed on the sea shore searching for dead fish, which the waves 
continually cast up ; in such places they also find shell-fish, which they carry high into the air, and drop on the rocks 
in order to break the shells. They are extremely fond of aU kinds of cultivated vegetables, to which they are very 
destructive. Thek cries are hoarse and discordant, especially during their first flight in the morning before they scatter 
themselves into smaller flocks in search of their food ; and again on their reassembling in the evening, and while each 
pair are selecting their separate roosting-places. The nest is generally built in society, on the topmost branches of the 
lofty trees ; it is composed outwardly of sticks, moss, and small pieces of bark cemented together with moist earth ; 
and the interior is usually lined with horse-hair and some wool, whereon the female deposits four eggs. 
1. C. corax Linn. PI. enl. 495. — Corvus maximus Scop. Gould, 
B. of Eur. pi. 220. ; C. clericus Sparrm. Mus. Carls, t. 2., Wils. 
Am. Orn. pi. 75. f. 3., Audub. B. of Amer. pL 101. 
2. C. leucognaphalus Daud. Tr. d'Orn. ii. p. 231. 
3. } C. leucophcBus Vieill. X. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. viii. p. 27., Gal. 
des Ois. t. 100. — Corvus borealis albus BrUs. App. vl, p. 33. t. 2. 
f. 1. ; C. leucomelas Tf'agl. 
4. C. major Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. viii. p. 27., Le 
Vaill. Ois. d'Afr. t. 51. — Corvus corax Daud.; C. raontanus 
Tetnm. 
5. C. cacalotl Wagl. Isis, 1831. p. 527. — Corvus splendens 
Gould; C. nobilis Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1 837. p. 79- ; C. vociferus 
Cabot. ? 
6. C. macrorhynchus Temm. Gray, 111. Ind. Zool. ii. pi. 36. f. 2. — 
Corvus corax Raffl. ; C. eulminatus Sykes. 
7. C. corone Linn. PI. enl. 483., Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 221., 
Wih. Amer. Orn. pi. 35. f. 3. — Corvus amerieanus Audub. B. of 
Amer.pl. 156.; Type of Corone Kaup (1829)' 
8. C. affinis Rupp. Faun. Abyss, t. 10. f. 2. 
9. C. au.9tralix Gmel. — Fregilus enca Hornf. ? 
10. C. coroneoides Vig. & Horsf. Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 26l. 
1 1. C. ossifragus Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. 37- f- 2. Audub. B. of Amer. 
pL 145. 
12. C. nasicus Temm. PI. eol. 413. 
13. C.frugilegus Linn. PI. enl. 484. — Corvus corone Linn. 
Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 224. ; Type of Frugilegus Less. 
14. ? C. pastinator Gould, ProcZ. S. 1845. p. 
15. C. capensis Licht. Le Vaill. Ois. d'Afr. t. 52. — Corvus 
segetum Temm. ; C. macropterus Wagl. ; C. Le Vaillantii Less. 
Rupp. Faun. t. 10. f. 3. 
16. C. monedula Linn. PI. enl. 523., Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 223. 
— Monedula turrium Br. ; Type of Lycos Boie (1826). 
17. C. spermolegus Vieill. N. Diet. d'His,t. Nat. viii. p. 40., 
Frisch. Av. t. 68., PI. enl. 522. — Monedula nigra Briss. 
18. C. cornj> Linn. PL enl. 76., Gould, B. of Eur. pL 222. 
19. C. splendens Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist Nat. viii. p. 44., PI. col. 
425. 
20. C. columbianns AVils. Amer. Orn. pi. 20. f. 2., Audub. B. of 
Amer. pi. 362. f. 45. 
21. C. dauricus Pall. It. iii. p. 694., Lath. Syn. of B. i. pi. 15. — 
C. capitalis Wagl. ; C. peetoralis Gould. 
22. C. smpulatus Daud. Tr. d'Orn. ii. p. 232., PI. enL 327., 
Le VaiU. Ois. d'Afr. t. 53. 
23. ? C. leuconotus Swains. B. of W. Afr. pi. 5. 
24. ? C. curvirostris Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1836. p. 18. 
25. C. ca/er Licht. — Corvus albicoUis Lath., Daud. ; C. vultu- 
rinus Shaw, Le Vaill. Ois. d'Afr. t. 50. ; Corvus crassirostris Rupp. 
Faun. t. 8. ; Type of Corvultur Les.'s. (1831). 
G Y M NOG O R V U S L CSS. * 
Bill strong, with the culinen slightly arched to the tip, which is entire ; the sides compressed from the 
base, the lateral margins curved, and the gonys short and ascending ; the nostrils lateral, with the 
opening large, rounded, and exposed. Wings long and pointed, with the third quiU the longest. Tail 
long, and rounded at its end. Tarsi moderate, and covered with broad scales. Toes moderate and 
strong. 
It is in New Guinea that the bird wiru-li constitute.- tliis genus was found 
G. senex ((Jarn.) — Corvus tristis i>*.<. ^'oy. de la Coqu. t. 24. 
• Established by M. Lesson {Tr. (/V>;///7A. p. 327.) in 1831. 
