Order II. PASSERES. 
Tribe IV. Conirostres. 
Family I. CoRViDiE. 
The fifth Subfamily, 
GYMNODERINiE, or Fruit-Crows, 
have the Bill strong, rather depressed and straight, with the culmen curved, and the sides compressed to 
the tip, which is emarginated ; the Nostrils lateral and placed in a membranous groove : the Wings long, 
and rather pointed : the Tail moderate and rounded : the Tarsi more or less long, and covered in front 
with transverse scales : the Toes rather long, with the outer toe nearly as long the middle toe : the 
Claws long, curved, and acute. 
Pyroderus.* 
Bill strong, and rather long, with the culmen gradually curved, and the sides much compressed to the 
tip, which is emarginated and slightly hooked ; the gonys long and ascending ; the gape furnished with 
short bristles; the nostrUs lateral, with the opening rounded, and hidden by the short projecting 
feathers, which entirely cover the base of the culmen. Wings long, with the fourth and fifth quills equal 
and longest. Tail moderate, and rounded on the sides. Tarsi short and broad, scutellated in front. 
Toes long, and rather slender ; the outer toe nearly as long as the middle one, and rather united at its 
base ; the inner rather short and free ; the hind toe long and rather strong ; the claws long, compressed, 
and curved. 
The species are found in the northern parts of South America, where they inhabit the forests, and are noticed leaping 
from branch to branch in search of fruits and insects. They emigrate from place to place in search of their food, and 
are very restless and mischievous, but, if observed, they conceal themselves among the foliage of trees. 
1. P. scutatus (Shaw), Temm. PI. col. 40. — Ampelis sanguini- I 2. P. yranadensit (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1846. p. 277- 
collis Licht. I S. P. orenocensis (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1846. p. 277. 
Gymnocephalus Geqffr.-f 
Bill long, and the base rather depressed, with the culmen gradually curved, and the sides compressed 
to the tip, which is emarginated ; the nostrils lateral, and placed in front of a membranous groove, with 
the opening large, rounded, and exposed. Wi)igs long, with the fourth quill longest. Tail rather short 
* Established in the List of the Genera of Birds in 1840. 
t Established by GeofFroy St. Hilaire in 1809 du Mns. xiii. p. 237.). 
