COCCOTHRAUSTINiE. 
GuiRACA Swains.* 
Bill large, nearly conical ; both mandibles nearly equal in size, the culmen slightly arched to the 
tip ; the sides compressed ; the lateral margins nearly straight, but strongly angulated at the base ; the 
gonys lengthened and advancing upwards to the tip ; the nostrils basal, lateral, rounded, and partl}* 
concealed by the frontal plumes. Wings moderate, with the first quill nearly as long as the second, 
which with the third and fourth are the longest. Tail lengthened, and slightly rounded. Tarsi as long 
as the middle toe, robust. The Toes long and slender, Avith the lateral ones unequal, the hind toe as 
long as the outer one and strong ; the claws lengthened and curved. 
The species of this genus are peculiar to the continent of America ; they are solitary and timid birds, which are 
generally found near swamps, living on Indian corn, millet, and the kernels of several kinds of fruits. Their notes 
are extremely clear and mellow. 
1. G. ccBrulea (L.) Swains. Wilson's' American Ornithology, 
pi. 24. f. 6. 
2. G. ludoviciana (L.) Swains. PI. enl. 153. f, 2 Loxia rosea 
Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. 17- f- 2.; Coccothraustes rubricollis Vieill. ; 
Fringilla punicea Gmel. 
3. G. magnirostris Swains. Class, of Birds, ii. fig. 15,9. — Loxia 
angolensis Linn. Edwards's Birds, t. 352. 
4. G.Abeillei Less. Rev. Zool. 1839. 41. 
5. G. Mco/or Less. Rev. Zool. 1839.102. 
6" ? G. Regiihis (Shaw), Lev. Mus. ii. pi. p. 45. 
Calamosbiza Pr. Banap.'f 
Bill short, robust, compressed ; with the culmen slightly convex, and slightly advanced on the fore- 
head ; the sides swollen, the lateral margins nearly straight, but angulated at the base ; the gonys of 
the lower mandible angulated and short ; and the nostrils basal, oval, and nearly hidden by the frontal 
plumes. Wings moderate, with the third quill the longest. Tail moderate and rounded. Tai^si moderate 
and compressed. Lateral Toes equal in length ; the claws long, arched, and compressed. 
Found In America, living In large flocks, and feeding upon the ground. " While the flock," says Mr. Townsend, 
" is engaged In feeding, the males are frequently observed to rise suddenly to a considerable height In tlie air, and, poising 
themselves over their companions, with the wings in constant and I'apld motion, they become nearly stationary. In this 
situation they povu- forth a number of veiy lively and sweetly modulated notes, and at the expiration of about a minute 
descend to the ground, and course about as before." 
C. Mcolor (Towns.) Pr. Bonap. Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 390. f. 2. 3. 
Cardinalis Pr. Bonap. X 
Bill large-, both mandildes nearly equal; the culmen advancing on the forehead, rounded and arched 
to the tip, which is acute ; the lateral margins sinuated in the middle ; the loAver mandible equally strong, 
with the gonys lengthened, and advancing upwards to the tip ; the nostrils basal, lateral, rounded, and 
partly concealed by the frontal plumes. Wings moderate and rounded, with the first five quills gr-a- 
duated, and the fifth the longest. Tail lengthened, and rounded at its end. Tarsi the length of the 
middle toe, robust, and strongly scaled. Toes long and robust, the lateral ones unequal ; claws short and 
much curved. 
* Mr. Swainson established this division (Phil. Mag. p. 438.) in 1827 ; in 1837 he changed the name to Coccoborm, hut I retain the 
original word. Goniaphm of Bowdich, mentioned in his Excursions in Madeira (1825), was probably founded on a species of this genus. 
t It was in 1838 {List of Birds of Europe and Amer.) that the Prince of Canino proposed this genus ; in 1839 Mr. Audubon added 
the synonyme of Corydulina. 
X Proposed by the Prince of Canino in 1838. (Saggio distr. met. Anim. Vertehr. p. 53.) 
