Order II. PASSERES. 
Tribe IV. Conirostres. 
Family IV. Fringillid^. 
The third Subfamily, 
TANAGRIN^, or Tanagers, 
have the Bill more or less triangular at the base, with the cuLnen more or less arched to the tip, which is 
more or less emarginated ; the Wings moderate and somewhat pointed ; the Tarsi and Toes short and 
slender, and the hmd toe rather lengthened and strong, with the Claws strong and curved. 
Emberizoides Temm * 
Bill rather long, conic, the cidmen more or less arched, with the tip slightly emarginated, and the 
sides compressed towards the tip, the lateral margins more or less arched and sinuated ; the nostrils basal, 
sunk in a triangular space, and naked. Wings short and rounded, with the second to the fifth quills 
nearly equal and longest. Tail lengthened, and more or less graduated and pointed. Tarsi robust, 
strongly scutellated, and as long as the middle toe. Toes long, with the outer shorter than the inner ; 
the claws slender, long, and curved. 
They are peculiar to the marshy plains of the warmer parts of South America ; generally Hve in pairs in the thick 
fohage of the large bushes ; but seek their food on the groimd, where they can walk very quickly, though their flight is 
very slow. 
1 . E. macroura (Gmel.) — Emberizoidesmarginalis Temm. PL col. 
114. f. 2.; Sphenura fringillaris Licht. ; Sylvia herbicola Vieill. ; 
Passerina sphenxira VieilL, Azara No. 230. 
2. E. melanotis Temm. 
Swains. (1837). 
PI. col. 114. f. 1. — Type of Leptonyx 
PipiLo Vieill.\ 
Bill short, conic, thick at the base, with the culmen slightly arched, and the tip but slightly emar- 
ginated, the lateral margins nearly straight, angulated at the base, and covermg those of the lower 
mandible, which are inflected ; the nostrils lateral, basal, rounded, and exposed. Wings short, with the 
third and fourth quills equal, and longest. Tail lengthened, and slightly emarginated in the middle. 
Tarsi rather short, as long as the middle toe, and strong. Toes long and slender, with the inner 
shorter than the outer ; the claws slender, long, and rather curved. 
These species are found in various parts of the New World, and are fond of close sheltered thickets near streams 
of water, and where there is plenty of dry leaves, among which they search for worms, and the lai-vje and eggs of 
insects ; they also feed on various hard seeds and grains. The nest, Wilson says, is fixed on the ground among the 
dry leaves, near, and sometimes imder, a thicket of briars, and is large and substantial. The outside is formed of leaves 
and dry pieces of grape-vine bark, and the inside of fine stalks of dried grass, the cavity completely sunk beneath the 
surface of the ground, and sometimes hah-covered above with diy grass or hay. The eggs are usually five, of a pale 
flesh coloiu*, thickly marked with specks of i*ufous, most numerous near the thick end. 
1. P. erythrophthalma (Linn.) Vieill. Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. 10. f. 
5. & .53. f. 5 Pipilo ater FieilL 
2. P. maculata Swains. Phil. Mag. 1827. 434., Jard. & Selby's 
111. Orn.pl. 31 & 32. 
3. P. arctica Swains. Faun. Bor. Am. ii. pi. 51. & 52. 
4. P. thoracica (111.) — P. rufitorques Swains. Two Cent, and a 
Quarter, 312. fig. 60. ; Carduelis rufogularis Less. Rev. Zool. 1839. 
42. 
5. P. personata Swains. Two Cent, and a Quarter, 311. fig. 58. 
Voy., Beagle, Zool. Birds, pi. 35. 
6. P. superciliosa Swains. Two Cent, and a Quarter, 211. 
fig. 59. 
7. P. wiacronya: Swains. Phil. Mag. 1827. 434. 
8. V.fusca Swains. PhU. Mag. 1827.434. 
9. P. ru/escens Swains. Phil. Mag. 1827- 434. 
* This genus was established by M. Temminck (P/. col.), who has since changed it to Chlorion in 1840. Mr. Swainson, in 1827, proposed 
Tardivola, and, in 1837, the same author established Leptonyx, both of which are coequal; the latter name was changed by me to Cory- 
phaspiza, in 1840. 
t It was in his Analyse, p. 32. (18l6), that Vieillot proposed this genus. 
