TANAGPvIN^. 
Arremon VieilL* 
Bill short, conic, the cuhnen elevated at the base and nearly straight to the tip, which is slightly bent 
and emarginatcd, the sides compressed, and the lateral margins nearly straight or slightly sinuated and 
inflected ; tlie nostrils basal, small, and partly concealed by the frontal plumes. Wings short, with the 
four first qnills graduated, and the fourth and fifth the longest. Tail moderate, and rounded at the end. 
Tarsi longer than the middle toe, and slender. The Toes moderate and slender, and the lateral ones 
equal; the claws moderate, slender, and slightly curved. 
These birds arc peculiar to the warmer parts of South America. They are generally seen in pairs, or in small groups, 
on the lower parts of the buslies, where they are very active, hopping from branch to branch in search of their food, 
which consists of seeds, &c. 
1. Ar. silens (Lath.) PI. enl. 742 Ar. affinis D'Orh Lafr. 
Voy. Amer. Ois. pi. 28. f. 1.; Ar. torquatus D'Orh. Lafr. 
2. Ar. torquatus Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 78., Desm. Tang. pi. 
3. Ar. rufivertex Fl. Prev. Zool. Venus, Rev. Zool. 1842. 335. 
4. Ar. atropilcits Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1842.335. 
5. Ar. giganteus Pr. Bonap. Proc. Z. S. 1837. 117. 
(). Ar. ruhrirostris Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840. 227. 
7. Ar. superciliuris Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840. 227- 
8. Ar. flavopectus Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840. 227. 
9. Ar. fiavirostris Swains. Two Cent, and a Quarter, 347. 
10. Ar. semitorquatus Swains. Two Cent, and a Quarter, 357. 
11. Ar. ? as.timilis Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840. 67. 
12. Ar. albo-frenntus Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840. 68. 
13. Ar. pallidinuchn Boiss. Rev. Zool. 184-0. ()8. 
14. Ar. schistaceus Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840. 69. 
15. Ar. setnirufus Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840. 69. 
16. Ar. gutturalis Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843. 98. 
17. Ar. rtifinucha D'Orb. & Lafr. Voy. Amer. Me'r. Ois. pi. 27. 
f. 2. — Embernagra rufinucha D'Orb. Lafr. 
Embernagra Less.-\ 
Bill moderate, conic, the culmen elevated at the base, and nearly straight to the tip, which is slightly 
emarginated, the sides compressed and the lateral margins sinuated; the nostrils basal, exposed, and 
rounded. Wings short, \dX\i tlie fourtli to the sLxth quills tlie longest. Tail lengthened and rounded. 
Tarsi strong, and longer than the middle toe. Toes long, strong, the lateral ones nearly equal, with the 
hind toe nearly as long as the middle one, and robust ; the front claws short and curved, and the hind 
one long and much curved. 
The species of this genus are peculiar to the warmer parts of South America. Some are always met with in the 
marshes, where they are seen perched on reeds and other kinds of aquatic plants ; others seek the cuHivated places, and 
such as are covered with small bushes, in small flocks of five or six individuals. They, however, frecpiently descend 
to the ground to search for their food, which consists of seeds. The nest is built in the midst of great tufts of marsh 
grass, or in small bushes, of dried grasses which are cleverly twisted together, in which are deposited five or six eggs. 
1 . E. viridis (Vieill.) Less. — Tanagra fablalata Mns. de Paris, 
Less. Tr. d'Orn. 
2. E. platcnsis (Gmel.) D'Orb. & Lafr. — Emberiza bonariensis 
Comm. ; Embernagra dumetorum Less. Azara No. 90. 
3. E. albinuchu D'Orb. & Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1838. 1()5. — E. 
mexicana Less. Rev. Zool. 1839- 42. 
4. E. brunnehiucha Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1839. 97- 
5. E. pyrgitoides Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1839. 97- 
6. E. oUvascens D'Orb. & Lafr. Voy. Amer. Mer. Ois. p. 285. 
7. E. supcrciliosa (Swains.) Two Cent, and a Quarter, 314. 
8. E. rnfr'scens (Swains.) Two Cent, and a Quarter, 315. — 
Type of Aimophila Swains. (1837). 
9. ?E. pihata (Wagl.) Isis, 1831. 526. — Type of Altapetes 
Wag/cr (1831). 
10. E. poliocrpha/a (Gould), Voy. Beagle, Birds, p. 98. 
11. E, longicauda Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844. 420. 
PlTYLUS CUV.X 
Bill short, very broad, somewhat swollen on the sides, the culmen much arched, with the tip emar- 
ginated, and the lateral margins much sinuated, and angulated at the base, tlie gonys lengthened and 
advancing upwards ; the nostrils basal, small, and concealed by the frontal plumes. Wings moderate, 
* Founded by Vieillot in his Analyse, p. 32., in I8I6. 
t It was in the Traitc d'Ornifliolngie, p. 465. 1831, that M. Lesson gave name to this genus. Mr. Swainson's Aimophila, 1837, is coequal; 
and it probably embraces A/taprtes (1831) of Wagler. 
X First established by Cuvier, 1817, in his Ri-gnc Animal, 1st edit. p. 390. 
