TANAGRIN.E. 
with the third and fourth quills the longest. Tail lengthened, broad and nearly equal at the end. Tarsi 
as long as the middle toe and robust. The Toes moderate, with the outer longer than the inner one. 
These strong-billed birds are peculiar to South America. 
1. P. grossus (Linn.) Cuv. PI. enl. 154. 
2. P. canadensis (Linn.) Cuv. PL enl. 152. f. 2. 
3. P. erythromelas (Gmel.) Cuv. Lath. Syn. pL 43., GaL des Ois. 
t. 59. 
4. P. portoricensis (Daud.) Tr. d'Orn. ii. 29. — Pyrrhula au- 
ranticoUis Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 55. 
5. P. cyaneus (Gmil.) Edwards's Birds, pi. 125., Vieill. Ois. 
Chant, t. 64. 
6. P. Brissonii (Licht.) — Loxia coerulea var. ^. Gmel. 
7. P. melanocephahis (Swains.) Audub. B. of Amer. pi. .373. — 
Fringilla xanthomaschalis Wagl. Isis, 1831. ; Pitylus guttatus Less.; 
Fringilla maculata .4«r/i/6. 
8. P.? magnirostris (Pr. Bonap.) Proc. Z. S. 1837.120. 
9. V.atropurpuratus Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1838. 224. 
10. v. atro-olivaeeus luAh. Rev. Zool. 1338.224. 
11. P. personatus Less. Rev. Zool. 1839- 24. 
12. P. ardesiacus Less. Rev. Zool. 1840. 226. 
13. P. gnatho (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. No. 215 P. atro- 
chalybeus Jard. Selby, 111. Orn. pi. 3. ; P. erythrorhynchus 
Swains. 
14. P. torridus (Gmel.) D'Orb. & Lafr. — Coccothraustes rufi- 
ventris Vieill. 
15. P. laztdus Less. Rev. Zool. 1842. 174. 
16. P. chrysopeplus (Vigors), Proc. Z. S. 1832. p. 4. 
17. P. chrysogaster Less. Cent. Zool. t. G7. — Pitylus dorsigerus 
Jard. &; Selby, 111. Orn. n. s. t. 44. 
18. P. aureoventris D'Orb. & Lafr. Voy. de I'Ame'r. Mer. Ois. 
t. 49. 
Cissopis Vieill.* 
Bill short, thick, with the sides compressed and the culmen much arched towards the tip, which is 
emarginated, the lateral margins shghtly arched, and the gonys rounded and arched upwards ; the nos- 
trils basal, lateral, rounded, and exposed. Wings short and rounded, with tlie third to the fifth quills 
longest. Tail lengthened and much graduated. Tarsi moderate, strongly scutellated, and shghtly 
longer than the middle toe. Toes strong, the inner one shorter than the outer; the claws strong, 
moderate, and curved. 
The type of this division is found only in the warmer parts of South America, where they live on the summits of the 
high trees, searching for buds and seeds on which they feed. 
1. C. Leverianus (Shaw), Le Vaill. Ois. d'Afr. pi. 60. — Lanius picatus Lath. ; Corvus Collurio Dawrf.; Cissopis bicolor Vieill, Gal, des Ois. 
pi. 140. 
Lamprotes Swaiiis.'f 
Bill lengthened, rather conic, with the culmen shghtly arched to the tip, which is emarginated, the 
sides much compressed, and the lateral margins arched ; the nostrils basal, lateral, entirely naked, and 
rounded. Wim/s rather lengthened and somewhat pointed, Avitli the first quill hardly shorter than the 
second, which is the longer. Tail moderate, and even at the end. Tarsi shorter than the middle toe, 
and scutellated. Toes strong, with the lateral ones nearly equal ; the claws short, curved, and 
compressed. 
These birds arc peculiar to the warmer parts of South America. 
1. L. rM^(;o//(.s (Spix), Swains. — T. rubrigularis 5'jD!>, Av. Bras, j 3. L. viridis {Spix), Spix Av. Bras. t. 48. f. 2. — Type of Or- 
t. 56. f.l.; Saltator niger Vieill. ? \ thogonys A^ricA:/. (1844). 
2. L. albocristata Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843. 132. I 
Saltator Vieill. | 
Bill lengthened, thick, the culmen elevated at the base, slightly arched to the tip, which is emarginated, 
tlie sides compressed, and the lateral margins rather sinuated, and covering those of the lower manchble; 
the nostrils basal, small, and partly hid by the frontal plumes. Wings moderate and rounded, with the 
* Vieillot established this name in {Analyse, p. 40.) 18l6 ; and Cuvier proposed, in the following year, Bethylus for the same type. 
t Established by Mr. Svvainson, 1837, in his Classif. of Birds, ii. p. 283. Mr. Strickland's genus Orthngonys (1844) is probably coequal. 
X It was in 181(i that \'ieilIot established this division in his Analyse, p. 32. ; and it is coequal with Mr. Swainson's Spermagra of 1827. 
