TANAGRIN.E. 
three first quills graduated, and the third nearly as long as the fourth, which is the longest. Tail 
lengthened and much rounded. Tarsi slender, and as long as the middle toe. Toes slender, with 
the outer one longer than the inner ; the hind toe longer than the outer ; the claws moderate and much 
curved. 
The active birds of this genus are peculiar to South America. They frequent the bushes, especially those In orchards 
or gardens, where they are generally seen in pairs, or In small flocks, hopping from branch to branch, seeking buds, fnilts. 
Insects, and small snails, on which they feed. They rarely descend to the ground, where their walking Is performed 
awkwardly, then- flight Is Interrupted and slow. Their nest Is built In the top of the thick bushes; It Is spacious 
and foi-med of various kinds of roots, wherein they deposit two or three eggs. 
1. S. magnus (Gme\.^ PI. enl. 205. — Saltator olivaceus Fieill. 
2. S. atriceps Less. Cent. Zool. t. 69. 
3. S. atricollis Vieill. Ency. Meth. 7.Q0., Azara No. 82. — Tanagra 
jugularis Licht. ; Saltator validus Vieill. Azara No. 84. ; Tanagra 
atricollis Spix, Av. Br. t. 56. f. 2. 
4. S. cai-ulescens Vieill. Ency. Meth. 791-5 Azara No. 81. — 
Fringilla coracina Kuhl ; Tanagra decumana Licht. ; Tanagra su- 
perciliaris Pr. Max. Spix Av. Bras. t. 67. 
5. S. Asarce. D'Orb. & Lafr. Voy. Ame'r. Mer. p. 287. 
6. S. aurantirostris Vieill. Ency. Meth. 789., Azara No. 83. 
7. S. rubicus Vieill. Ency. Meth. 792., Azara No. 85. — Tanagra 
flammiceps Temm. PI. col. 177. ; Tanagra porphyrio Licht. 
8. S. melanoleucus Vieill. Ency. Meth. 791. 
9. S. maculatus Vieill. Ency. Meth. 793., Azara No. 86. 
10. S. albicollis Vieill. Ency. Meth. 793. 
11. S. ritficapillus Vieill. Ency. Meth. 793. 
12. S. viridis Vieill. Ency. Me'th. 793., Azara No. 89. 
13. S. psittacinus (Spix), Av. Bras. t. 57. f. 2. 
14. S. cyanopterus Vieill. Ency. Me'th. 790. 
15. S. cayanensis (Gmel.) PI. enl. 616. — Tanagra cayana Lath.; 
Saltator virescens Vieill. ; Coracias cayanus Bodd. 
16. S. rufiventris D'Orb. & Lafr. Voy. de I'Amer. Mer. Ois. t. 
28. f. 1. 
17. S. similis D'Orb. & Lafr. Voy. de 1' Ame'r. Mer. Ois. t. 28. 
f.2. 
18. S. Vigorsii. — Saltator rufiventris ri'^for*, Zool., Beechey's Voy. 
j Zool. p. 19. 
I 19. S. Riefferii (Boiss.) Rev. Zool. 1840. 4. 
Ramphopis Vieill.* 
Bill rather short, the culmen slightly arched to the tip, which is emarginated, the sides compressed 
and the lateral margins nearly straight, the base of the lower mandible thick and much dilated ; the 
nostrils basal, rounded, and partly concealed by the frontal plumes. Wings moderate, with the three 
first quills graduated, and the third to the fifth nearly equal, and longest. Tail moderate and rounded. 
Tarsi the length of the middle toe. Toes moderate, the lateral ones unequal, with the hind toe long and 
strong ; and the claws slender and curved. 
The warmer parts of South America are the peculiar habitation of the species of this genus. They are always seen 
amongst the thickest foliage of the bushes of the ])lalns and mountains, where they are continually moving about from 
branch to branch In search of buds and fruits. 
1. H.jacapa (Linn.) PI. enl. 128., Desm. Tang. t. 30, 31. — Ta- 
nagra albirostris Bodd. ; Ramphocelus purpureus Vieill. ; R. atro- 
coccineus Swains. Ornith. Dr. pi. 20. 
2. R. brasilia (Linn.) Desm. Tang. t. 28, 29. — Ramphoce- 
lus coccineus Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 79', Swains. Ornith. Dr. pi. 
18, 19. 
3. R. dimidiatus (hih.) Mag. Zool. 1S37. f. 81. — R. melano- 
gaster Swains. 
4. R. affinis (Less.) Rev. Zool. 1840. 1. & 133. 
5. R. nigrogularis Spix Av. Bras. t. 47., Swains. Ornith. Dr. pi. 
17. — R. ignescens Less. Cent. Zool. t. 24. 
6. R.Jlammigerus Jard. Sc Selby, 111. Orn. pi. 131. — R. Passe- 
rini Pr. Bonap. 
7. R. atrosericeus D'Orb. & Lafr. Voy. Amer. Mer. Ois. pi. 26. 
f. 1. 
8. R. icteronotus Pr. Bonap. Proc. Z. S. 1837. 121. 
9. R. Luciani (Latr.) Rev. Zool. 1838. 54., Mag.de Zool. 1839. 
Ois. t. 2. 
Pyranga Vieill.-f 
Bill lengthened, broad at the base, gradually compressed to the tip, which is emarginated, the culmen 
rather arched, and the lateral margins of the upper mandible more or less angulated, or witli a tooth- 
like lobe near the middle ; the nostrils basal, lateral, small, and partly concealed by the frontal plumes. 
Wings lengthened and pointed, with the second quill nearly the length of the third, which is the longest. 
Tail moderate, even or slightly emarginated at the end. Tat^si and Toes short and slender, the former 
equal to the middle one, and the inner hardly shorter than the outer ; the claws moderate, curved, 
and compressed. 
* The Analyse, p. 32. I8I6, of Vieillot contains this genus ; the author has since changed it to Ramphocelus. 
t This is given in (1805) in Vieillot's Oiscaux de I'Amer. Sept. Mr. Swaiiison's Phoenisoma, 1837, is coequal. 
