Order II. PASSERES. 
Tribe IV. Conirostres, 
Family IV. Fringillid^. 
The fourth Subfamily, 
FRINGILLIN^, or Finches, 
have the Bill short, conic, and more or less broad at the base, with the culmen sloping, and the sides 
compressed to the tip, which is generally entire ; the gonys long, and advancing upwards ; the Wings 
more or less lengthened and pointed ; the Tail varying in length, sometimes with the ends of the feathers 
acuminated ; the Tarsi as long as, or shorter than, the middle toe, slender, and transversely scaled ; the 
Toes more or less long and slender ; the hind toe moderate ; the claws generally long, curved, and acute. 
EsTRELDA S-iVains.* 
Bill more or less strong, conical, and broad at the base, with the culmen sloping, and the sides 
compressed to the tip, which is slightly emarginated ; the gonys long, and advancing upwards ; the 
nostrils basal, lateral, and very small, sometimes hidden by the frontal plumes. Wings rather short ; 
with the first quill minute ; the second nearly as long as the third and fourth, which are equal and longest. 
Tail more or less lengthened, and graduated or rounded. Tm^si rather shorter than the middle toe, 
slender, and covered in front with broad transverse scales. Toes long and slender, with the inner toe 
shorter than the outer ; the hind toe long and slender ; the claws long, curved, and very acute. 
The species of this genus are found in Africa, Asia, and Australia. They frequent in small flocks the meadows and 
bushy grounds, but may be observed in gardens near houses. Their food consists of seeds and buds of small plants. If 
disturbed from among the grass, they pi'efer to perch on the neighbouring bushes, rather than fly off to any distance. 
1. E. astrild (Linn.) Swains. PI. enl. I.*")?, f. 2., Kittl. Kupf. 
Vog. t. 10. f. 2. — Fringilla undulata Pall. Edw. Birds, pi. 354. f. 2. 
179. f. 2.; F. tricolor Vieill. Ois. chant, t. 12. 
2. E. ? PI. enl. 230. f. 2.— Loxia astrild var. 
3. E. amnndava (Linn.) PI. enl. 115. f. 3. & 2. var., Vieill. Ois. 
chant, t. 1, 2., Edw. Birds, pi. 355. f. 1. — Fringilla punicea /Tors/. 
4. E. henghala (Linn.) PI. enl. 115. f. 1., Kittl. Kupf. Vog. 
t. 10. f. 3., Vieill. Ois. chant, t. 5. — Fringilla angolensis Linn.; 
Estrelda phfenicotis Swains. B. of W. Afr. t. 14., Edw. Birds, 
pi. 131. 
5. E. senegala (Linn.) PI. enl. 157. f. 1., Vieill. Ois. chant, t. p. 
6. E. granatina (Linn.) PI. enl. IO9. f. 3., Vieill. Ois. chant, 
t. 17, 18., Edw. Birds, pi. I9I. 
7. E. melanura (Vieill.) Pi. enl. 230. f. 3., Brown's Illust. 
t. 29. upp. fig. 
\ 
8. E. leucura (Gmel.) Brown's Illustr. t. 29. lower fig. 
9. E. hella (Lath.) Griflf. An. Kingd. ii. pi. p. ., Vieill. Ois. 
chant, t. 55., Gould, B. of Austr. iii. pi. 78. 
10. E. erythronota (V'ieill.) Ois. chant, t. 14. — Estrelda lipiniana 
A. Smith. 
11. E. melanogaster Swains. B. of W. Afr. p. 1 94. 
12. E. rnfopectus Eras. Proc. Z. S. 1843. p. 27- 
13. E. melanotis (Temm.) PI. col. 221. f. 1. 
14. E. polyzona (Temm.) PI. col. 221. f. 3. 
15. E. ruhricata (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 27. 
16. 'E. frontalis (Vieill.) Ois. chant, t. 16. 
17. E. squamifrons A. Smith, Rep. S. Afr. Exped. p. 49-, Illustr. 
Zool. S. Afr. Birds, pi. 
18. E. oculea Quoy & Gaim. Voy. de I'Astrol. Ois. t. 18. f. 2., 
Gould, B. of Austr. iii. pL 79- 
* Established by Mr. Swainson in 1827. M. Cabanis changed this name to Hahropygn in 1847, while Loxigilln of M. Lesson (1830) 
is synonymous. It embraces Pytelia of Mr. Swainson (1837), and Neochmin of MM. Hombron et Jacquemont. 
