FRINGILLINiE. 
46. F. lutiventris Meyen, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xvi. Suppl. 1. 12. f. 3. 
47. F. hrevirostris Gould, Voy. Beagle, Birds, p. 
48. F. petronia Linn. PI. enl. 225. — Fringilia stulta Gmel. Gould, 
B. of Eur. pi. 186.; Petronia rupestris Bonap. ; Fringilia leucura 
Gmel. ; F. bononiensis Gmel. ; Type of Petronia Kaup (1829.). 
49. F. siiperciliaris Hay. Journ. A. S. B. xiv. p. 553. 
50. ¥. flavicollis Frankl. Proc. Z. S. 1832. p. 120. ; Type of 
Gymuornis Hodgs. (1844.) 
51. F. canimUna Linn. PI. enl. 151. f. 1. & 485. f. 2. — Frin- 
gilia linota Gmel. Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 193-; Passer papaverina 
Pall. ; Fringilia minima Bodd. ; F. argentoratensis Gmel. ; Type 
of Cannabina Brehm (1828.). 
52. F.flavirostris Linn. Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 102. — Fringilia 
montium Gmel. 
53. F. linaria Linn. PI. enl. 485. f. 2., Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. 30. 
f. 4. — Fringilia rufescens Vieill. Sav., Gould, B. of Eur. pi. ig-i. ; 
Linaria rubra Gesn., Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 375. 
54. F. borealis Vieill. Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. . — Fringilia 
linaria Savi, Audub. B. of Austr. pi. 400. f. 2. 
55. F. canescens (Gould), B. of Eur. pi. 193. 
56. F. pusilla (Pall.) Zoogr. ii. p. 28. t. 
57. F. Hornernanii Holb. Isis, 1845. p. 759. 
58. F.fusca Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1842. 192. 
59- F. ruhrifrons Hay, Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sci. 
60. F. caniceps (D'Orb.) Voy. I'lle de Cuba, Ois. pi. I6. 
61. F. gularis (A. Smith), Rep. S. Afr. Exp. p. 49. 
62. F. atrogularis (A. Smith), Rep. S. Afr. Exp. p. 49. 
63. F. arctoa (Pall.) Zoogr. ii. p. 21. 
64. F. Gebkri Brandt, Bull. Acad. Sci. Petersb. 1842. p. 18. — 
Passer arctous var. Pall. 
65. F. brunneonucha Brandt, Bull. Acad. Sci. Petersb. 1842. p. 
18. — Passer arctous var. /3. Pall. 
66. F. griseonucha Brandt, Bull. Acad. Sci. Petersb. 1842. p. 
19- — Passer arctous var. y. 
67. F. arvensis Kittl. Me'm. Acad. Petersb. ii. 
68. ? F. testacea Jacq. Jacq. t. 12. 
69. ? F. minima Linn. Jacq. t. 13. 
70. F. tephrocotis Swains., Fauna Bor. Amer. Birds, pi. 50 
Type of Leucosticte Swains. (1831.). 
71. F, griseogenys Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1843. p. 104., Voy. of 
Sulph. Birds, pi. 
72. F. anatoides (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 75. 
73. F. inornata (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 75. 
74. F. nivalis Linn. — Passer alpicola Pall. ; Fringilia saxatilis 
Koch ; Plectrophanes fringilloides Boie, Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 189.; 
Type of Montifringilla Brelun (1828.). 
75. F. nemoricola Hodgs. As. Res. xix. p. . — Type of Fringa- 
lauda Hodgs. (1836.) 
76. F. hyemalis Linn. — Fringilia hudsonia Forst. Wils. Amer. 
Orn. pi. 16. f. 6. ; Emberiza nivalis Wils. Audub. Birds of Amer. 
pi. 13., Gould, Birds of Eur. pi. I90. ; Type of Nephaea Audub. 
(1839.) 
77- F. oregona (Towns.) Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 398. 
78. ¥.} crispa Linn. Edw. Birds, pi. 271. f. 1. 
79- F. obscura Vieill. Edw. Birds, pi. 270. f. 2. — Fringilia atra 
Gmel. 
80. F. longirostris Gmel. Briss. Orn. iii. t. 15. f. 2. 
81. F. cinerea Swains. Philos. Mag. 1827. p. 435 Junco 
phsenotus Wagl. ; Type of Junco IFagl. (1831.) 
Passer j8rm.* 
Bill strong, subconical, and broad at the base, with the culraen rounded, slightly arched, and the sides 
compressed to the tip, which is slightly emarginated ; the lateral margins straight ; the gonys long and 
curved upwards; the nostrils basal, lateral, with the opening partly covered by the frontal plumes. 
Wings moderate, with the second and third quills rather longer than the first. Tail moderate, and even 
or slightly forked. Tarsi strong, nearly the length of the middle toe, and covered with transverse 
scales. Toes moderate ; the lateral toes nearly equal ; the claws moderate and acute. 
The species of this division are found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Most of the species reside in the cultivated and 
inhabited places, even in the midst of cities ; while others never venture near the dwellings of man. Their food 
consists of all kinds of grains, which they generally seek for on the ground, and seeds as well as the buds of trees. 
Their young are principally fed with insects, both in the perfect and imperfect states. The nest is placed in holes in 
walls of buildings, or in the thatch, but sometimes it is formed upon trees or hedges. Others prefer the holes of trees. 
It is composed of hay, straw, and feathers, loosely put together ; but more pains are taken with it if placed in a tree. 
The eggs are four or five in number. 
1. P. domesticus Linn. PL enl. 55. f. 1. — Fringilia Candida 3. P. ya^roewOT* Gould, Voy. Beagle, Birds, pi. 3 1 . 
Sparm. PI. enl. 6. f. 1., Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 184. f. 1. 4. > P. salicarius Vieill. Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 185. f. 1 
2. ? P. italicus Vieill. Stor. degli Ucc. t. 340. — Fringilia cisal- Fringilia hispaniolensis Temm. ; F. sardoa Savi. 
pina Temm. Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 185. f. 2. 5. P. montanus (Linn.) PI. enl. 267. f. 1., Edw. Birds, pi. 269. 
* Established by Brisson in 176O. Pyrgitn of Cuvier (1817) is coequal. 
