EMBERIZIN.E. 
base, that of the lower mandible much inflected ; the nostrils basal, lateral, and partly hidden by the 
frontal plumes. Wings moderate, with the third and fourth quills equal and longest. Tail moderate 
and rounded. Tarsi the length of the middle toe, and strongly scutellated. Toes long and slender, with 
the lateral ones equal ; the hind toe long and strong ; and the claws moderate and curved. 
This species is peculiar to South America, about the twenty-ninth degree of latitude, where It frequents in pairs the 
lower portions of the open copses, flying from one to another. They are often seen on the ground, which they examine 
for insects and small grains. Their flight is slow, and not extended to any distance. 
G. cristatella (Vicill.) G. R. Gray, Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 67. — Emberiza Gubernatrix Temm. PI. col. 63, 64.; E. cristata Swains. 
ZooL lU. 148., Azara, No. I29. 
Fringillaria Swains.* 
Bill short, conical, acute, with the culmen and gonys straight, and equally sloping to the tip ; the 
lateral margins straight, and the base angulated, that of the lower mandible inflected ; the nostrils basal, 
lateral, and concealed by the frontal feathers. Wings short, with the two first quiUs graduated, and the 
third and fourth the longest ; the tertials nearly as long as the quills. Tail lengthened, with the end 
nearly even or slightly forked. Tarsi slender, longer than the middle toe. Toes small and slender, with 
the lateral ones short and equal ; and the claws small and short. 
The continent of Africa is the peculiar habitat of the species of this genus, but their peculiarities of manners and 
habits are at present imknown. Their food is no doubt similar to that of the species of the other genera of this 
subfamily. 
1. F. flaviventris (Vieill.) Vieill. Ency. Me'th. 929., PI. enl. 
664. f. 2. — Emberiza capensis var. Lath.; Fringillaria capensis 
Swains. 
2. F. Jlavigaster (Rupp.) Atlas, t. 25. 
3. F. capensis (Linn.) PI. enl. 158. f. 2. 
4. F. septemstriata (Riipp.) Faun. Abyss, t. 30. f. 2. 
5. F. erythroptera (Temm.) PI. enl. 664. f. 1. — Emberiza capen- 
sis var. Lath. 
6. F. rufa Swains. Two Cent, and a Quarter, 315. fig. 63. a. 
7. F. vittata Swains. Two Cent, and a Quarter, 315. f. 63. c. 
8. F. anthoides Swains. Two Cent, and a Quarter, 3l6. f. 63. b. 
9. F. striolata (Licht.) Swains., Riipp. Atlas, t. 10. f. a. 
10. ¥. ccesia (Cretzschm.) Swains. Riipp. Atlas, t. 10. f. b. — 
Emberiza rufibarba Hempr. et Ehrenb. Ermann, Verz. Thier. und 
Pflan. t. 8. f. 1. 2. 
11. F. tahapisi (A. Smith), Rep. S. Afr. Exp. p. 50. 
12. F. impetuani (A Smith), Rep. S. Afr. Exp. p. 50. 
Plectrophanes Meyer. -f 
Bill short, conical, somewhat compressed ; the culmen rounded and advancing on the forehead, with 
the lateral margins bent inwards and somewhat angulated at the base ; the palate furnished with a 
small longitudinal bony knob ; the nostrils basal, rounded, and partly hidden by the frontal plumes. 
Wings moderate and pointed, with the first quill nearly equalling the second and third, which are the 
longest. Tail moderate, even or slightly emarginated. Tarsi nearly equalHng the middle toe, and slender. 
Toes moderate, slender ; the lateral ones equal, and divided at their base ; the hmd toe long and strong, 
armed with a very long and nearly straight claw. 
* This genus was formed by Mr. Swainson in 1837- {Classif. of Birds, ii. 288.) 
t This genus was established by Meyer; it embraces the subdivision Centrophanes of Kaup (1829). ] 
