CULrMBTX.E. 
on the nearest trees till the hour of their evening meal has arrived, when they again seek for food ; and, having satiated 
themselves, again retire to the woods. Some of the species always inhabit rocky places and precipitous cliffs, 
especially those on the sea coasts of Great Britain, Africa, and Asia, which furnish them with suitable places of 
retreat. The nests are formed on trees or in holes of the rocks, and are composed of twigs sHghtly interwoven together ; 
the female deposits two eggs. 
1. C. CEiia.1 Linn. PI. enl. 466., Teram. Pig. t. 11. 
2. C. Falumbus Linn. PI. enl. 31 6., Temm. Pig. t. 2. — Type of 
Palumbus ZijM/). (1829.) 
3. C. Livia Briss. PI. enl. 510., Temm. Pig. t. 12. 
4. C. intermedia Stiickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844. 39. 
5. C. leucocephala Linn. Temm. Pig. 1. 1 3., Pr. Bonap. Am. Orn. 
t. 17. f. 1. 
6. C. gymnophthalmoi Temm. Pig. t. 18. — C'olumba leucoptera 
Fr. Mux. ; C'olumba loricata Licht. ; Columba picazuro Temm. 
7. C. maculosa Temm. Pig. et Gall. 1. 113. — Columba poici- 
loptera Vieill. 
8. C. arquatrix Temm. Pig. t. 5. 
9. C. guinea Linn. Temm. Pig. t. l6. — Columba trigonigera 
Wagl. 
10. C. albitorques Riipp. Faun. Abyss. Vog. t. 22. f. 1. 
11. C. speciosa Gmel. Pi. enl. 213., Temm. Pig. t. 14. 
12. C. araucana Less. Voy. de la Coqu. Ois. t. 40. — Columba 
denisea Temm. PI. col. 502. ; Columba meridionalis King. 
13. C.fasciafa Say, Pr. Bonap. Am. Oin. t. 8. f. 3. 
14. C. monilis Vigors, Beechey's Voy. Zool. p. 26. pi. 10 
15. C. plumbea Vieill. N. Diet. U.S. 26. 358. — Columba locutrix 
Ft: Max. Temm. PI. col. l66. 
16. C. rufina Teram. Pig. t. 24. — Columba cayanensis Bonn, 
17. C. syh-estris Vieill. N. Diet. Hist. Nat. 26. p. 366. — Co- 
lumba melanoptera Temm. Azara, 319. 
18. C.flavirostris Wagl. Isis, 1830.519. 
19. C. leuconota Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 1831. 22., Gould's Cent. 
Birds, t. 59. 
20. C. Hodgsoni Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 1832. I6. 
21. C. metallica Vigors, Beechey's Voy. ZooL p. 25. 
22. C. versicolor Kittl. Vogel, pi. 5. f. 2. 
23. C. nipalensis Hodgs. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1836. 122. 
24. C. ceerulea Temm. Pig. t. 37- 
25. C. caribea Temm. Pig. t. 10. — Columba lamprauchen Wagl. 
26. C. corensis Gmel. — Columba portoricensis Temm. Pig. t. 15., 
Voy. 1' He de Cuba, Ois. t. 27-; Col. monticola Vieill.; Col. imbricata 
Wagl. 
27. C. Trocaz Heinek. Brewst. Journ. of Sci., Jard. & Selby's 
111. Orn. p. 98. — Columba laurivora Berth Sj Webb, Voy. de I'lle 
Canar. Ois. t. 3., Knip et Prev. Pig. t. 43. 
28. C. leucotis Temm. PI. col. 1 89., Knip et Prev. Pig. t. 2. 
29. C. picturata Temm. PI. col. 242., Knip et Prev. Pig. t. 35. 
— Columba Dufresnii Steph. 
30. C xanthonura Cuv. Temm. PI. col. I90. — Columba Pam- 
pusan Quoy ^ Gaim. Voy. de I'Uranie, Ois. t. 301. 
31. C. inornata Vigors, Voy. I'lle de Cuba, Ois. t. 28. 
32. C. infuscata Licht. Cat. Dupl Berl. Mus. p. 66. 
33. C.flava Homb. & Jacq. Voy.au Pole Sud, &c., Ois. t. 12. 
f. 2. 
34. C. Fitzroyi King, Proc. Z. S. 1830. p. 15. 
EcTOPisTES Sii-ains.* 
Bill moderate, slender, vdth the apical half of the culmen slightly arched to the tip ; the nostrils 
placed in the middle of the bill, and longitudinal. Wings lengthened and pointed, A\ith the first tvro 
quills the longest. Tail lengthened and cuneated, with the four middle feathers lanceolated. Tarsi the 
length of the hind toe, and plumed below the knee. Toes long, the lateral ones nearly equal, and the 
claws moderate and somewhat curved. 
The two species of pigeons that foi-m this genus are found on the continent of Xortli America, where they are seen in 
flocks, which have been observed to be composed at times of millions of individuals. They fly with great power, and 
for enormous distances at a time ; wliich migrations their niunbers often compel them to perfonn in quest of food. 
The principal portion of their food consists of beech mast and acorns ; but considerable quantities of buck-wheat, Indian 
corn, and other kinds of grain, are destroyed by these birds as they appear, in their separate seasons. " As soon as the 
pigeons," says Mr. Audubon, " discover a sufiiciency of food to entice them to alight, they fly round in circles, re- 
viewing the country below. During their evolutions on such occasions, the dense mass which they form exhibits a 
beautiful appearance, as it changes its dkection, now displaying a glistening sheet of azure when the backs of the birds 
come simidtaneously in view, and anon suddenly presenting a mass of rich deep purple. They then pass lower over 
the woods, and for a moment are lost among the foliage, but again emerge, and are seen gliding aloft. They now 
* Established by Mr. Swainson (Zool. Journ. iii. p. 362.) in 1827- 
