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been very sensibly reduced." At that time " in the New England States 

 and in the more cultivated part of the country, these birds no longer bred 

 in large communities. The instance near Montpelier, in 1849, is the only 

 marked exception that has come within my knowledge, They now breed in 

 isolated pairs, their nests being scattered through the woods and seldom 

 near one another." In 1895, in the A.O.U. check-list, the authors say : 

 " Breeding range now mainly restricted to portions of the Canadas and the 

 northern borders of the United States, as far west as Manitoba and 

 the Dakotas." 



At the present time the Passenger Pigeon seems to have entirely 

 disappeared, a small flock in an aviary apparently being all that is left of it 

 alive. Mr. James H. Fleming, of Toronto, kindly sends me the following 

 notes, which I think are of the greatest interest : — 



" The disappearance of the Passenger Pigeon in Ontario dates back 

 at least forty years, though as late as 1870 some of the old roosts were still 

 frequented, but the incredible flocks, of which so much has been said, had 

 gone long before that date, and by 1880 the pigeon was practically exterminated, 

 not only in Ontario, but over the greater part of its old range. There are 

 however occasional records of birds taken, for some years later. An immature 

 bird taken September 9, 1887, in Chester County, Pennsylvania, is said to be 

 the last for that part of the State 1 ; a bird, also immature, is in my collection, 

 taken in December, 1888, at Montreal, Quebec. There are other Montreal 

 records of the same date, 2 but with the exception of one taken at Tadousac, 

 July 26, 1889, 3 these are the last Quebec records of birds actually taken. In 

 Ontario two were taken at Toronto in 1890, on September 20, and October 11, 

 both immature females, the latter is in my collection, as is an adult female 

 taken by Mr. Walter Brett, at Riding Mountain, Manatoba, May 12, 1892, 

 one of a pair seen. I also have an adult male taken at Waukegon, Illinois, 

 December 19, 1892. I was in New York in the latter part of November, 1892, 

 and was then assured by Mr. Rowland, a well known taxidermist, that he 

 had recently seen several barrels of pigeons that had been condemned as 

 unfit for food ; they had come to New York from Indian Territory, and I 

 believe had had their tails pulled out to permit tighter packing. Mr. William 

 Brewster has recorded the sending of several hundred dozens of pigeons 

 to the Boston market in December of the same year, and in January, 1893 ; 

 these were also from Indian Territory 4 ; these are the last records we have of 

 the Passenger Pigeon as anything more than a casual migrant. The records 

 ceased after this till 1898, when three birds were taken at points widely apart, 



