HA W All AN G UIDE B OK. 73 



every one discharging a river into the sea ; under favor- 

 able circumstances ten or more cascades may be count- 

 ed at one time ; the sloping sides of the mountain are 

 green with' sugar cane, bright pastures, and dense dark 

 foliage as the forest rises to the distant snow capped top 

 of Mauna Kea. The first plantation passed after leav- 

 ing Laupahoehoe Point, is Kaupakuea, ten miles from 

 the Hilo anchorage, the property of Messrs. Afong & 

 Achuck, Chinese merchants, who have here extensive 

 works run by steam and water power, with vacuum 

 pan, centrifugal separators and all the recent improve- 

 ments, in sugar manufacture. The second is Onomea 

 Plantation, six miles from Hilo, owned and managed 

 by Judge S. L. Austin. Its mill, plantation houses 

 and manager's residence are snugly nestled together 

 and make a charming picture amid the growing 

 cane. The appliances of this establishment are very 

 complete, from the drying of the cane to the grinding 

 of the sugar. The soil is rich and favorable to its 

 growth, and with a little exaggeration it may be said, 

 the cane enters the mill at the top and comes out in 

 kegs of sugar at the bottom. The smoke stack is now 

 of sheet iron ; formerly it was a lofty tower of stone, 

 but was utterly destroyed in the great earthquake of 

 1868, showing that masonry is unavailable for such a 

 structure in a volcanic country. A peculiar feature of 

 all the Hilo sugar works, springs from the moisture of 

 the climate and the necessity of grinding in the rainy 

 season, compelling the erection of immense open sheds 

 or trash houses to dry the rind for fuel. The sugar 

 house, mill, and half a dozen trash houses give the ap- 

 pearance at a distance of a small village. 

 7 



