d. Let the dog trail the 25-foot leash. It will 

 soon tire of the leash snagging or being stepped 

 on by the handler. 



71. Lack of Speed 



A very cautious, or insecure, dog may work very 

 slowly, sniffing everything in sight. On locating 

 a target, this dog may check it from all directions, 

 and stand a long time before making up its 

 mind. Obviously, such dogs would delay a patrol's 

 progress. Some recommended corrective measures 

 are: 



a. The handler may follow his dog more closely, 

 giving the moveout command frequently. 



b. When the dog is checking a possible target 

 area the handler, rather than pausing at a dis- 

 tance, may take several steps forward and give 

 the moveout command. This should cause the 

 dog to make up its mind and either sit or move on. 



c. The handler may recall his dog and then send 

 it back to the target. 



72. Pawing at Targets 



Some dogs will paw or dig at a suspected target 

 area. They may want to reassure themselves of 

 the target's presence, or show their handlers that 

 they have found something. This practice must 



be corrected, since such a dog could detonate a 

 mine or booobytrap. Calling the dog's name will 

 usually make the dog stop pawing. If necessary, 

 the handler commands NO. 



73. Bypassing or Jumping Tripwires 



Some dogs don't like tripwires, and may go to 

 extremes to avoid them. 



a. Bypassing. If a dog tries to go around 

 tripwires this can be corrected by arrranging 

 three wires in a horseshoe, so that the dog can- 

 not go forward, left, or right without running 

 into one. 



b. Jumping. Set multiple wires; e.g., wires at 

 6, 12, 18, and 24 inches, so the dog can neither 

 go over or under. 



74. Intersections 



Where two trails or roads intersect, or a lane 

 turns off, the handler needs to direct his dog. 

 If the dog stops and looks back for instructions, 

 the handler should stand facing in the desired 

 direction and give the arm-and-hand moveout 

 gesture. If a dog doesn't stop, or takes the wrong 

 fork, the handler uses his whistle to get his dog's 

 attention or recall it, then gestures in the desired 

 direction. 



Section VI. DETECTION-GRADE 3 



75. Scope 



a. During grade 3 detection training the han- 

 dler learns — 



(1) To set grade 3 ordnance, tripwires, and 

 integrated lanes. 



(2) Th>j techniques of training his dog to 

 rely on its nose. 



b. The mine and tunnel dog learns : 



(1) That it can no longer find targets en- 

 tirely by sight. 



(2) That ordnance and tripwires may be 

 found on the same lane. 



76. Ordnance— Grade 3 (Table 1) 



a. Buried. After digging the hole and placing 

 the target, refill so that only the top of the target 

 is exposed. Cover the target wih grass, leaves, 

 or pine needles, leaving a 2- to 3-inch opening in 

 the center (fig 44). Or, initially cut. a cover 

 plate, punch a 2- to 3-inch hole in it, and place 

 the cover plate on the mine without sealing the 



edges (fig 45). Remove most, but not all, traces 

 of disturbance from the target area. 



b. Hidden. Conceal the target at ground level 

 so that about one fourth of it is visible when 

 viewed from dog's-eye level. Or, conceal it in a 

 log or tree in the same manner (fig 46) . 



c. Elevated. Eliminate the strings. Targets 

 should be concealed in the forks or branches of 

 bushes or on tree trunks, from 18 inches to 4 feet 

 above the ground. Again, some of the target 

 should be visible when viewed from dog's-eye 

 level (fig 47). 



77. Tripwires-Grade 3 (Table 2) 



In the early stages of grade 3 detection training, 

 separate tripwire lanes are used. When all dogs 

 are successfully finding the new materials, trip- 

 wires will be integrated into ordnance lanes. 



a. New Materials. Eliminate the white string 

 (except that the first wire on a lane may be 

 white string for problem dogs). Use green, 



49 



