ich 29, 1888.] 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



198 



aitfned, but access to it is so easy that it would not be much like 

 What we go foi' when we take an outing. 



There is no doubt but what it would boom canoeing here might- 

 'fiy if the meet were held on the Potomac, and the threatened dis- 

 solution of one of our clubs here would ronder the boom most op- 

 portune. 



EUe Washingfcous, though, are not dissoluting to any eonsUier- 

 i&le extent just yet. and if a hearty welcome can be any induce- 

 ment to offer we can pledge that and keep our word to your satis- 

 faction. J. R. L. 



Washington, D. C, March 19. 



Tho following programme has been prepared for the races, 

 flphject to future alterations and to abbreviation should it be too 

 long: 



No. 1. Paddling, Class I. (this race exempt from 1 man 1 canoe 

 rule), H mile straightaway. 



No. 2. Paddling, Class II. exclusively, 1 mile with turn. Record 

 pvent. 



No. 3. Paddling, Class 111. exclusively, 1 mile with turn. Record 

 $vent. 



No. k Paddling, Class IV., 1 mile with turn. Record event. 



No. 5. Paddling, Tandem, Classes III. and IV.. decked sailing 

 canoes, 1 mile with turn. 



No. 8. Paddling, Upset, Classes II., III., IV., 300ft., no special 

 appliances allowed, and the cockpit, whatever its length, must 

 not be narrower than 16in. for 4ft. of that length. At signal every 

 canoe must be turned completely over, righted, and with the crew 

 inside paddled across the finishing line. 



No. 7. Combined Paddling and Sailing, on the triangle, 3 mile8, 

 alternating every half mile, start paddling. Record event. 

 ' No. 8. Sailing, Novices, on the triangle, V/i mile, open only to 

 members who uever sailed a canoe prior to Sept. 1, 1887. 



No. 9. Sailing, on the triangle, i% miles. Record event. 



No. 10. Sailing, Cruisers, on the triangle, 1J$ miles. Crew must 

 ait inside, sails must be lowered and raised at second and third 

 Jbuoy. Dimensions of cockpit as in event No. 6 will apply, and 

 'Canoe to enter tin's race must further have room below sufficiently 

 large for crew to sleep in, without interference from centerboard 

 trunk or other obstruction. Radix or Atwood boards not to con- 

 stitute an obstruction. Committee, reserve the right to exclude 

 from this race any canoe which in their opinion is not a fair gen- 

 era] cruiser. 



No. 11. Sailing, Club Race, 1$£ miles. Each club shall be enti- 

 tled to three entries. The first canoe to cross the winning line 

 ■shall count as many points as there are starters in the race, the 



second one less than the first, and so on to the last, which shall 

 , Count one, and the aggregate of the score of the canoes starting 



for each club shall be the club score. 



_ No. 12. Sailing, passenger race, on the triangle, 114 miles, pass- 

 enger to sit below and not to aid in handling the canoe. 



No. 13. Sailing, consolation, 1 mile to windward or leeward and 

 return, winners of either first or second places in either events 

 Nos. 8, 9, 10 and 13 excluded. 



No. Ii. Sailing, "man overboard," 200yds. While under way, at 

 signal to be given, half a paddle must be thrown overboard", aft 

 out of reach, the same must be recovered and the race continued 

 to the finishing line. 



No. 15. Sailing, upset, 200yds, No special appliance allowed, and 

 dimensions of cockpit as in event No. 6 will apply. At signal 

 canoe to be tipped over until top of the foremast touches the 

 water, canoe to be righted and to cross finishing line under full 

 sail. 



No. 16. Hurry-scurry, 50yds. run, 50yds. swim, and 50yds. paddle. 

 No. 17. Standing paddling, 20Oft., center hoards must be housed. 

 MOTES — 1, All positions at start of paddling races shall be 

 drawn for. 



2. Kates will be provided for open canoes, unclassified canoes 

 not fitted with oars, and small boats, cruisers and canoes fitted 

 with oars, 



TUCKUPS, DUCKERS AND CANOES. 



Editor Forest, and Stream: 



Being somewhat interested in the tuckups of the Montgomery 

 Sailing Club, I do not want to see the article signed "Squid," in 

 your issue of March 8, on "Amateur Boat Building," stand with- 

 out a word of refutation, so far as the tuckups are concerned. 



"Squid," the writer of the article in question, is weU known to 

 me, and it has been less than one year since he gave me as his 

 judgment and opinion "that the tuckups carried more sail in 

 proportion to the size of the boat, and in consequence faster than 

 any boat of its size." 



' Squid" now says, "The much overrated tuckups have pleaded 

 the baby act, and ruled the canoes out." 



The whole thing simply amounts to this: The tuckups objected 

 to mixing up. the races with the canoes, and wanted a separate 

 class made, but the Grade wished otherwise, trusting by a gen- 

 erous concession in the way of time allowance to beat a boat. 



The expression of our oldest yachtsman that he "did not object 

 to being beaten, but did not want to be beaten by a boat that was 

 not in sight," covers the point. Hence the "baby act." 



Veritas. 



Editor Forest and Stream : 



I was considerably amused by a communication in your issue of 

 March 5, signed. "Squid," in which he speaks of a canoe 13x34 in 

 such a way as would lead an outsider to think that such a boat 

 can give a 15ft. tuckup all she can do to take care of. Now, as I 

 know from experience that a tuckup can sail five miles to a 

 canoe's two, such being the case the absurdity of such a thing, 

 and even of racing the two boats together at all, must be apparent 

 to all. 



Now, in my opinion the boat for the Oracle to race with is the 

 small ducker, and if one of the canoe clubs here will get up a race 

 open to small duckers, sneakboxes, canoe vawls, etc., I would be 

 happy to;race such a boat (14x 44, 72ft, sail) against the Gracie on 

 home waters, as she has probably totally annihilated everything 

 in the same line at Norristown. Twinesharp. 



[We cannot give space to any lengthy discussion of this subject, 

 as the question is one of facts, which should be readily established 

 by the records of the club's races. The statement ascribed to 

 Squid" assumes that a boat's speed is measured solely by her 

 sail area, which is far from being the case; instances are frequent 

 enough where a reduction of rig has been followed bv an increase 



{pi speed. "Twinesharp" is in error in calling the Gracie a canoe, 

 as she is a rowboat not unlike a ducker, but probably with better 



i fines. However fast the tuckup may be, the statement that she 

 can outsail a canoe in the proportion of five to two is absurd.] 



OTTAWA C. C— Ottawa. March 33.— At the annual meeting of 

 the Ottawa C. O. the following officers were elected: Com., WT F. 

 Whitcher; Captain, E. King; Sec.-Treas., F. H. Gisborno; Auditors, 

 R. W. Baldwin and J. S. Brough; while W. M. L. Manigy, A. O. 

 Wheeler and Henri Roy were appointed members of the Commit- 

 tee of Management, and W. H. Cronk, Official Measurer. The 

 constitution of the club was revised and some small change made; 

 for instance, the club uniform was changed from na^y blue to 

 white for full dress and gray for undress, and the colors of the 

 club were altered from navy blue and white to royal blue and 

 white. During our hot summer days navy blue was found to be 

 |too worm a dress. Quite a number of the members are getting 

 new canoes, and great excitement is anticipated over the sailing 

 ■ races during the coming season. Last year two series of fort- 

 Inightly races were held, but this year it is proposed to make the 

 races monthly, and to fill up the intervening half holidays with 

 ( club cruises, some of the married canoeists complaing that with 

 a race every week they had not been able to take their wives out 

 once last season. We are now talking of having club cruises once 

 lor twice a month, to which each canoeist Is expected to bring a 

 lady. It is too early to make plans for the Northern Division 

 | meet at Lake Couehiching, but we hope to have a good strong 

 [ contingent there to represent the club. We are now very busy 

 < over the floating of our canoe house, the scows are built and are 

 \ being put in place. The only thing we are afraid of is that we 

 Ishall not have room enough for all the canoes that will require 

 \ racks.— Francis H. Gisborne, Sec.-Treas. O, C. C. 



CHORISTERS AS CANOEISTS.— The House of Prayer, in 

 Newark, N. J., has a male choir of seventy voices divided into 

 three sections; the adult branch, composed of the men of the 

 Choir; the senior branch, composed of those bovs who are tem- 

 porarily unable to sing through their voices changing, and the 

 junior branch, the youngest boys. In order to keep the second 

 division united until its members are able to resume their places 

 m the choir, a room was hired this winter and the sixteen boys 



kitchen, dining room and plenty of bunks. A cabinet organ will 

 -orm part of the furniture. 



A. C. A. MEMBERSHIP. — Central Division.— Isaac J. Evans 

 and John Q. Bissell, Rome, N. Y. Atlantic Division— William 

 VValker, Newark; Charles C. Taylor, New York; George P 

 .Douglass, Belleville, N. J. 



PITTSBURGH C. C— The Pittsburgh C. C. held their fifth an 

 nual meeting and banquet at the Hotel Duquesue on March 8, the 

 following officers being elected for the ensuing year: Captain, 

 .las. K. Bakewell; Mate.G. Harton Siuger; Purser, .1. J. Lawrence, 

 Jr. Notwithstanding the fact that several of our members have 

 recently become '•Benedicts" and are now enjoying the rapids of 

 life's stream in a double canoe, very few wore absent. The cap- 

 tain appointed a committee to malic arrangements for our annual 

 Decoration Day regatta. The question "Where, shall we go to on 

 our summer cruise"? was responded to by every one present. The 

 Allegheny River, Lake Chautauqua and Conneaut Lake were 

 among the places mentioned as being desira ble and easily accessi- 

 ble, A committee was appointed to hear the voice of the club 

 and report at a meeting to be held at the club boat house, on the 

 first Saturday in May, when the question will finally be decided. 

 Air. Fred K. Fitter was elected a member of the club. Several of 

 the members expressed their intention of attending the A. C. A. 

 encampment. The club is now five years old and has 31 members 

 and 34 canoes. 



WESTERN CANOE ASSOCIATION.- In preparing the fourth 

 annual book of the Western Canoe Association, the secretary- 

 treasurer, Mr. Geo. A. Warder, has expended much labor m 

 making a handsome and interesting pamphlet which canoeists 

 will preserve. In addition to the constitution, by-laws, sailing 

 rules, programme and list of members the book contains a number 

 of good illustrations of the last meet, with portraits of the leading 

 members of the W. C. A. and cuts of the W. C. A. sailing trophy 

 and the Gardner cup. It also contains a history of the Cincinnati 

 C. C, which it is proposed to follow each year by similar histories 

 of other clubs. The present membership is 100. 



CANOE BUILDING ON THE I >E L A W A R E . — B o rd e n t o wn , N. 

 J., March 16.— Editor Forest and Stream: There is as fine a job of 

 amateur canoe building in this city as one often sees. It is a 

 Mohican No. 2 in model and size, built of inch strips J4in. thick, 

 not caulked, by Dr. M. S. Simpson, as a tandem to make a cruise on 

 the Delaware River, which it successfully did. Now the owner is 

 about to build a smaller canoe about 14x38 for single paddling. 

 There are about 35 canoes in this city, all being built by their 

 owners, and while somo are fair models the majority are decidedly 

 the reverse. There is not a wooden canoe in town except the one 

 above mentioned.— L. W. W. 



W. C. A. APPLICATIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP.— John Frick, 

 New York city; Dr. James A. Hcnshall. Cincinnati, O.; John G. 

 Wetzel, F. N. Aull, John Theobald, Dayton, O.; N. Longworth, 

 Jr., Cambridge. Mass.; Julian Vallette Wright, Cincinnati, O.; 

 Chas. Ross Reid, Springfield, O.: James B. Iveogh, Chicago, 111.; 

 A. A. Fuller, Cleveland, 0.; Harry G. Ellard, Cincinnati, O.; Irv- 

 ing A. Brown, Cleveland, O.; Emil Von Hasslocher, Oakland, 

 Cal.; Edward R. Bowdish, Skaneateles, N. Y.— Geo. A. Warder, 

 Sec.-Treas. (March 14). 



Every person who is sufficiently interested in the National 

 Park to do his share toward securing protection for it, is in- 

 vited to send for one of the Forest and Stream's petition 

 blanks. They are sent free. 



Small Yachts. By C. P. Kunhardt. Price $7. Strain YacMs and 

 Launches. By C. P. Kxmhardt. Price $8, Yachts, Boats and 

 Canoes. By C. St-ansfteld-Hieks. Price $8.60. Steam Machinery. By 

 Donaldson. Price $1.60. 



FIXTURES. 



April. 



5. Mosquito Fleet, Boston. 5. Fishing Schooners, Boston. 



May. 



19, Monatiquot, Club, Inside. 30. South Boston Open. 



30. Atlantic Opening. 30. Wizard- Vivid Match, Larcli- 



30. Great Head Trophy. mont. 



June. 



9. Larchmont Spring Pen. 18. Dorchester, Open. 



9. Buffalo Club, 31. New York, N. Y. Annual. 



9. Great Head Open. 23. Great Head Moonlight Sail. 



13. Atlantic Annual. 23. Bay View Moonlight Sail. 



13. Columbia, Annual N. Y. 23. Seawanhaka Annual. 

 16. Monatiquot, First Pen. 23. Hull, Hull Pennant. 



16. South Boston Club. 27. Pleon, Club. 



16. Cor. Marblehead Pennant. 30. Cor. Marblehead, 1st Cham. 



16. Portland Annual Challenge. 30. Great- Head Pennant. 



17. Chelsea, Dorchester Bay. 30. Monatiquot, Club, Fort Pt. 



18. Bay View, Club. 30. Dorchester Club. 



18. Quaker City Annual. SO- July 4. Portland Cruise. 



JULY. 



4. Larchmont Annual. 18. Bay View, Ladies' Day. 



4. Buffalo Annual. 20. Great Head Moonlight Sail. 



4. Beverly, Mou. Beach Cham. 20. Bay View Moonlight Sail. 



7. Beverly, Swampscott Cham. 31. South Boston Club. 



7. Cor. Marblehead, Club. 21. Cor. Marblehead, 2d Cham. 



7. Hull. Club Cruise. 21. Beverly, Mon. Beach 3d Open 



7. South Boston Club. 25. Pleon, Club. 



11. Pleon, First Cham. 28. Cor. Marblehead, Ladies' 



13. Monatiquot, First Cham. Race. 



14. Great Head 1st Cham. 28. Hull, Hull Regatta. 



14. Beverly, Marblehead, Open 28. Beverly, Mon. Beach Cham. 



Sweep. 28. Groat Head Club. 



14. Hull, Hull 1st Cham. 28. Bay View Club. 



14. Chelsea, Dorchester Bay. 31. Monatiquot, Third Pen. 

 17. Monatiquot, 2d Pen., Inside. 31. Dorchester Club. 



August. 



— Larchmont Oyster Boat. 18. Bay View Annual Cruise. 



1. Hull, Hull Ladies' Day. 18. Monatiquot, 2d Cham, Ft. Pt. 



4. Hull, Hull 2d Championship. 18. South Boston Chib. 



4. Beverly, Nahant, 2d Cham. 18. Cor. Marblehead, Cup Race. 



8. Pleon, Second Cham. SO. Great Head Moonlight Sail. 

 U. Beverly, Mon. Beach Cham. 22. Pleon, Third Cham. 



11. Cor. Marblehead, Open. 25. Beverly, Marblehead, Open. 



11-20. Buffalo Cruise. 28. Dorchester Club. 



15 Great Head 2d Cham. 29. Bay View Club. 



15. Monatiquot, Ladies' Day. 2ft, Great Head Club. 



15. Pleon, Open. 29. Monatiquot, Open Sweep. 

 17. Bay View Moonlight Sail. 



September. 



1. Hull, Hull Open Race. 8. Hull Cham. Sail-Off. 



1. Larchmont Fall. 12. Great Head Club. 



3. Newark Fall. 13. Pleon, Sweepstakes. 



3. South Boston Open. 15. Buffalo Club. 



3. Beverly, Marblehead Cham. 15. Beverly, Mon. Beach, Open 



3. Cor. Marblehead Cham. Sweep. 



5. Pleon, Sail Off. 15. Dorchester Club. 



8. Cor. Marblehead, Sail Off. 18. Chelsea, Dorchester Bay. 



THE FELLING AND PRESERVATION OF TIMBER. 



THE following circular has lately been issued by the Forestry 

 Division of the Department of Agriculture, tinder the head 

 of "Information to Wood Consumers, Increasing the Durability 

 of Timber." 



The subject is one in which yacht owners as well as builders are 

 specially interested, so we reprint the circular ;in full, as follows: 



Our people waste a large amount of timber and of labor, by lack 

 of care for the timber after it is cut. Rotting of timbers and 

 fence posts necessitates not only the cutting of a larger quantity 

 of wood, but also the labor of replacing the same oftener, thaii 

 if the wood could be made to last longer. 



There are some rules in the handling of timber which are too 

 often overlooked, and which should be observed by everybody 

 who uses wood in places where it cannot be kept dry or wholly 

 submerged. 



There is also much unintelligent use of paints and other coat- 

 ings, applied in the hope of preserving timber, when it should have 

 been well known that by painting green or badly seasoned timber 

 decay is hastened rather than prevented. 



While to many it may be impossible to apply the more compli- 

 cated and expensive methods of wood preservation which recom- 

 mend themselves to large consumers of wood material, knowledge 

 of the following considerations, suggested by the Chief of tne 

 Forestry Division, will aid the small consumer to handle his 

 material to better advantage, to utilize forest products more 

 thoroughly and intelligently, and to make them last from two to 

 three times as long as when not observed. 



DECAY OF WOOD. 



1. Decay of wood is due to fermentation of the sap, induced 

 probably by the growth of either bacteria or fungi. These organ- 

 isms need for their development warmth and moisture, besides 

 the nitrogenous substances and salts contained in solution in the 



To prevent the growth of these ferments, therefore, the sap in 

 the wood must be dissolved (leeched) or dried out, and moisture 

 be prevented from entering again. 



THE MANNER OF USE INFLUENCES DURABILITY OF TIMBER. 



2. Tirabor placed entirely under water or deep in soil (drain 

 pipes) will practically not decay, nor is if liable to rot, when kept 

 absolutely dry, away from the influences of humid atmosphere. 



Wood generally decays in proportion to the warmth of the tem- 

 perature. 



Hence, on northern exposures, in cool valleys, in high eleva- 

 tions in northern countries, the duration of wood is longer than 

 When placed under opposite influences. 



If wood is used in contact with tho ground, decay proceeds the 

 more rapidly (beginning at tho point of contact with the soil), the 

 looser, moister and warmer the soil, and especially the greater 

 the liability of change from dry to wet; therefore timber will last 

 longer in heavy, always moist clay than in loose, alternately 

 moist and dry sand or gravel, or in warm, comparatively dry 

 lime soils. 



Rooms without ventilation induce decay, producing the dry rot, 

 which first appears in white patches, changing into brown or gray. 

 Ventilation, drying out and isolation from moisture will cure 

 this defect. 



NATURAL FACTORS INFLUENCING DURABILITY. 



3. Sound mature trees yield more durable timber than cither 

 young or very old trees. Maturity is the time when trees have 

 ceased to grow vigorously, which is indicated by a flattening of 

 the crown, dying out of branches in the crown, and by the change 

 of color of the bark. Maturity may be reached, according to cir- 

 cumstances, by the same species, when the diameter is only a few 

 inches or when it is as many feet. The small tree on arid soil, or 

 overtopped by others from its birth, may be as old and older than 

 a tree of greater dimensions growing under more favorable con- 

 ditions. Of two pieces of the same kind the heavier is the more 

 durable, although absolute weight of two different kinds of tim- 

 ber does not determine their relative durability. 



Heart wood, as a rule, can resist deterioration longer than sap 

 wood, because it contains less sap, but when the sap wood is well 

 seasoned and heavier, this difference disappears. 



Tho site has an influence OP durability in so far as it influences 

 the forma tion of heavy wood. 



Quickly -grown hard woods with wide annual rings, and slowly- 

 grown conifers with narrow (yet not too narrow) rings, and 

 • tapped" pines (on the tapped side.) yield, as a rule, the most dur- 

 able wood, other conditions being equal. 



Coniferous wood from comparatively poor soils, high altitude, 

 and dense forest, hard woods from rich, deep warm soils and 

 isolated position, are most durable. 



The resinous substances in conifers form an element of pro- 

 tection against decay. 



4. The following list of trees comprises most of those of common 

 occurrence which have been found to be the most durable. With- 

 out means of determining the exact relative value of tho different 

 species, it has been possible only to give a series which in general 

 proceeds from the most durable to less durable ones: 



Eastern Range— Conifers: Red cedar, .Tunipcrus rirainiana, L.: 

 white, cedar, Chamarruparts sphenoidea, Spach.; arbor-vitte, Thuya 



occidentals, L.; 

 leaved pine, PL 

 Cuban pine, Pi 

 Michx. 



list.ichv.rn, Rich.; long- 

 ter; red pine, Pfrtus resinosa, Ait.; 

 3b.; short-leaved pine. Phtus mit is, 



Broad-leaved trees: White oak, Quemis alha, L.; post oak, 

 Qucrcus obLusilnlia, Michx.; basket oak, Qucrcus michauz>ii,~Zi\itt.; 

 burr oak, Querent macrocarpa, Michx.; chestnut oak, Qucrcus 

 primis, I j.; live oak, Qucrcus virens. Ait.; osage orange, Madura 

 anrantiaca, Nutt.: hardy catalpa, Calalpa sptciosa. Warder; black 

 locust, Rol>inia uscHdaeacia. L.; honey locust. O'leditschia irutcan- 

 (htis, L.; red mulberry. Moras rubra, L.; chestnut, Castanea 

 vulgaris, var. Americana, A. D. C. 



Rocky Mountain Region— Red cedar, Junlpcrus rirainiana, L." 

 pinyou pine, Pinus cdulis, Engelm.; foxtail pine, Elms balfoxiri- 

 ana, Murray; Douglas spruce. 1'scudotsuya douyiani, Carr.;' west- 

 ern larch, JjarLv occidental is, Nutt.; burr oak, Qui irux macrocaroa. 

 Michx. e 

 i .Pacific Slope— Yew, Ta.vus brcvifolla, Nutt.: redwood, Sequoia 

 semperorens, Endlicher; Lawson's cypress, Chamaccyparis laxo- 

 soniana. Pari.; canoe cedar, Ihvya uiyaidca, Nutt.; Douglas spruce, 

 Pseudutsuyu dmiijUtsii. Carr.: western larch, l.aris i>ci : idpnt<dix, 

 Nutt.; live oak, Quercvs chrysolepis, Liebm.; post oak, Qucrcu* 

 uarryana, Dougl. 



TIME OF FELLING. 



8. Wit h proper after-treatment of the wood the time of felling 

 seems not to affect its durability. Early winter felling (Decem- 

 ber) should have the preference, because less fermentable sap is 

 then in the trees, and the timber will season with less care, more 

 slowly and more evenly, and before tho temperature is warm 

 enough for fermentation to set in. 



If the wood is cut "in the sap" it is more liable to fermentation 

 and to the attacks of insects, and more care is necessary in season- 

 ing; for the rapid seasoning, due to the warm dry atmosphere, 

 produces an outer seasoned coat which envelopes an unseasoned 

 interior liable to decay. When cut in the leaf it is advantageous 

 to let the trees lie full length until the leaves are thoroughly 

 withered (two or three weeks), before cutting to size. With coni- 

 fers this is good practice at any season, and if it can be done, all 

 winter-felled trees should be left lying to leaf out. in spring by 

 which most of the sap is worked out and evaporated. 



TREATMENT AFTER FELLING. 



6. Always remove the bark from felled timber to aid seasoning 

 but not from the standing tree. 



Never allow the log to lie directly on the moist soil. 



If winter-felled, shape the timber to size, within two weeks after 

 felling and leave it placed on blocks— not upon the soil— in the 

 forest, or if shaped at home place in a dry, airy— Rot windv— posi- 

 tion away from the sun and rain. 



If dried too rapidly, wood warps and splits, the cracks collect 

 water and the timber is then easily attacked and destroyed bv rot 



With large logs, checking may be prevented by coating the ends 

 with some tatty or oily substance mixed with brick dust, or cover- 

 ing with a piece of linen, cloth, or even paper, or by simply shad- 

 ing them to lessen evaporation; cracks on the sides may lie filled 

 in with tow or cotton. 



When piling timber, place laths or sticks of uniform size at 

 uniform distances under each log, or post, or tie. 



Sufficiently thorough seasoning- for most purposes is obtained 

 in twelve to eighteen months, while for special work, according 

 to the size, from two to ton years is required. 



The best method of obtaining proper seasoniug without costlv 

 apparatus in shorter time, is to immerse the prepared timber in 

 water, from one to three weeks, to dissolve the fermentable 

 matter nearest the surface. This is best done in running water; 

 if such is not at hand, a bath may be substituted, the water of 

 Which needs frequent change. Timber so treated, like raft 

 timber, will season more quickly and is known to be more 

 durable. 



If practicable the application of boiling water or steam is an ad- 

 vantage in leeching out the sap. 



COATINGS TO KEEP OUT MOISTURE. 



7. Never apply paint or any other coating to green or unseasoned 

 timber. 



If the wood was not well dried or seasoned, the coat will only 

 hasten decay. 



Good coatings consist of oily or resinous substances which make 

 a smooth coat, capable of being uniformly applied; they must 

 cover every part, must not crack, and possess a certain amount of 

 plasticity after drying. 



Coal tar, with or without sand or plaster or pitch, especially if 

 mixed with oil of turpentine and applied hot (thus penetrating 

 more deeply) answers best. A mixture of three parts coal tar 

 and ono part clean unsalted grease, to prevent the far from dry- 

 ing until it has had time to fill the, minute pores, is recommended. 

 One barrel of coal tar i$3 to $4 per barrel.) will cover 009 posts. 

 H ood tar is not serviceable, because it does not dry. 



crude petroleum is also recommended. 



Charring of those parts which come into contact with the ground 

 can be considered only as an imperfect preservative, unless a con- 

 siderable layer of charcoal is formed, and if it is not carefully 

 done the effect is often detrimental, as the process both weaken* 

 the timber and produces cracks, thus exposing the interior to 

 ferments. v 



Lastly, in communities where durable timber is scarce it will 

 pay to establish a plant for impregnating timber with antiseptics 

 by the more costly processes described in Forestry Bulletin No 1 

 Norman J. Colman, Commissioner of Agriculture' 



NEW YORK Y. C— At the meeting on March 22 the new class- 

 ification w as finally adopted. The letter from the Y, R A con- 

 cerning the new deed of gift was read and placed on file The 

 sum of tf8,C00 was appropriated for a fall regatta, open nnlv to 

 club and foreign yachts, in the event of no international 

 Five members were elected. 



